基于遥感生态指数的黄河流域生态环境质量变化及影响因素分析

Research on the dynamic change of the ecological environment and its influencing factors in the Yellow River Basin based on Remote Sensing Ecological Index

黄河流域在中国社会经济发展和生态安全格局构建方面具有十分重要的地位,同时面临着生态系统退化、水土流失、湿地萎缩等一系列生态问题。掌握黄河流域生态环境质量状况及其时空变化特征,是推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的基础保障。基于长时间序列的遥感生态指数(RSEI)对黄河流域近20年生态环境质量进行动态监测和时空特征分析,并从自然因素、政策措施因素和社会经济因素3个方面对流域生态环境变化的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:黄河流域生态环境质量处于中等水平,2001—2019年RSEI平均值为0.497,增长0.04,呈现整体改善、局部轻微波动的趋势。复杂的自然因素给流域生态保护工作带来困难;而相应的生态保护政策和修复措施则起到积极作用;另外社会经济因素,如人口总数量和夜间灯光总值的大幅增长对生态环境变化产生了区域性扰动。

The Yellow River Basin bears an important ecological,economic and cultural strategic position in China,and its ecological environment is a vital foundation for ensuring the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.In this study,the long-term sequence of Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)of the Yellow River Basin was used to dynamically monitor and analyze the ecological quality changes in the Yellow River Basin in the past 20 years.The RSEI mean value is 0.497 from 2001 to 2019,increasing 0.04,which shows a trend of overall improvement and slight fluctuations.Moreover,its influencing factors were analyzed from three aspects:natural factors,policy measures and socio-economic factors.The complex natural factors bring difficulties to the governance of the Yellow River Basin,and the socio-economic factors such as continuously increasing population and night light data correspondingly disturbed the ecological environment changes,while the ecological protection policies and restoration measures play a positive role.