ChatGPT与人机交往的现实和未来

ChatGPT and the Reality and Future of Human-Machine Intercourse

本文基于哈贝马斯的交往行为理论,从语言和行为维度分析了ChatGPT如何形成以及形成了何种可能的人机交往。ChatGPT的语言能力将人机对话的技术实践从基于规则和框架的模式应答转向了靠近自然语言和人类交往的话语往来。在语言维度上,ChatGPT形成了提供事实、调节关系与自我声明的语言,体现出坚持公共价值、正式语言和真诚表达的交往意愿,但面临着真实性局限、规范性偏误和“自我限制”的问题。在基于语言的交往行为维度上,ChatGPT形成了兼具历史和社会背景的对话性,产生了内容的生产与传播创新,推动了人机交往算法规范的变革和“不确定性对话”下人机协作方式的重构。本文提出,未来的人机交往将形成人机异质主体间性、人机交往理性和对人的有限性的超越。基于ChatGPT发展下的人机交往现实和未来,未来的人机传播研究可以探索机器与人类之间基于对称的语言能力所形成的交往关系,探究人机交往活动如何形塑和建构人机共生社会。这不仅延续了传播学诠释和批判学派的思想资源,使人机传播研究跳出对人机交互路径的依赖,而且厘清了机器与人类建立主体间性的过程,回应了对机器如何作为传播主体这一问题的争议。

Based on Habermas’theory of communicative behavior,this paper analyses how and what kind of human-machine intercourse is probably shaped by the linguistic and behavioral dimensions of ChatGPT,whose linguistic competence shifts the technical practice of human-machine dialogue from rules-based and frame-based responses to discursive exchanges close to natural language and human intercourse.In the language dimension,ChatGPT develops a language that provides facts,regulates relationships and self-declarations,reflecting a communicative willingness that adheres to communal values,formal language,and sincere expression,but faces authenticity limitations,normative bias and self-limiting.In the dimension of language-based communication behavior,ChatGPT forms a dialogue behavior with historical and social contexts,generating innovative behavior in content production and dissemination,and promoting the reform of the human-machine intercourse algorithm specification and the reconstruction of the human-machine cooperation method under the uncertainty dialogue.At the same time,this paper proposes that future human-machine intercourse should develop heterogeneous intersubjectivity,the rationality of human-machine intercourse,and the transcendence of human finitude.Based on the reality and future of Chat-GPT,this paper argues that future research on human-machine communication can explore the relationship between machines and humans based on symmetrical language capabilities,and explore how human-machine inter-course activities shape and construct a human-machine symbiotic society.This not only continues the ideological resources of the interpretive and critical schools of communication,stepping out of the reliance on the path of human-computer interaction research,but also clarifies the process and results of machines becoming subjects of communication and responding to the controversy of how machines can act as subjects of communication.