社会参与类型对老年人认知功能的影响研究

A study on the effect of social participation types on cognitivefunction in the elderly population

目的 在控制老年人认知水平的年龄-队列效应基础上,分析老年人不同社会参与类型对认知功能的影响效应。方法 采用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,CLHLS) 2002—2018年6期追踪数据,以Stata 14.0软件为工具,运用分层生长曲线模型进行统计分析。结果 适度社会参与的老年人认知得分均较高,不同性别、城乡、受教育水平、自评经济状况、婚姻状况以及卫生服务可及性的老年人,其认知水平差异有统计学意义(F=644.14、62.27、1 376.90、262.23、588.00、 438.08, P<0.01);参加各类社会参与活动均有利于老年人认知水平的提升(F=2 561.31、2 793.99、3 592.40、1 081.72、204.92,P<0.01),其中,娱乐活动正向作用(β=2.252)最大,家务劳动(β=1.817)次之,社交活动(β=1.779)紧随其后,经济活动的正向影响(β=0.788)相对较低。结论 社会参与可延缓老年人的认知衰退,不同社会参与活动类型对老年人认知功能的保护程度不同;全社会尤其家庭内部应营造良好的社会参与环境和氛围,鼓励老年人根据自身的兴趣特点,积极投入各项社会参与活动,尽可能抵御认知衰退风险。

Objective To analyze the effects of different types of social participation on cognitive function of the elderly people after controlling for age-cohort effect on the cognitive level of the elderly.Methods The data of six waves of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)from 2002 to 2018 were extracted and analyzed using hierarchical growth curve model in Stata 14.0 software.Results The cognitive scores of the elderly with moderate social participation were high.There were statistically significant differences in the cognitive level between two sexes,urban and rural residents,and the elderly at different education level,self-rated economic status,marital status and access to health services(F=644.14,62.27,1376.90,262.23,588.00,438.08,P<0.01).Engaging in various types of social activities was associated with higher cognitive level of the elderly(F=2561.31,2793.99,3592.40,1081.72,204.92,P<0.01),among which the positive effect of leisure activities(β=2.252)was the largest,followed by housework(β=1.817)and by social gatherings(β=1.779),and the protective effect of economic activities(β=0.788)was relatively small.Conclusions Social participation may significantly delay the cognitive decline of the elderly,with the magnitude of the protective effect varying across different types of social activities.The whole society,especially the family,should create an environment conducive to social participation,encourage the elderly people to actively participate in the social activities that fit their own interests and abilities to prevent against the risk of cognitive decline.