ChatGPT的特质研判、教育审思与风险应对——基于“知识—主体—立场”的视角

Characteristic Judgment,Educational Thinking and Risk Response of ChatGPT--Based on A"knowledge-Subject-Position"Perspective

ChatGPT凭借类人特性具备角色赋予功能,强势进入教育生态场域扮演虚拟教师角色。一方面,ChatGPT能够通过思考交流语义、揣测沟通意图、串联上下语境,进行多元知识输送、个性教学指导与高效教学评价,不仅重塑教育形态,还促进教育系统变革,为教育领域带来技术红利;另一方面,ChatGPT所扮演的虚拟教师可能在知识教学中采用标准化、公式化的模式,致使“三无”知识的传授、在主体互动中秉持工业时代“专业对口、批量生产”的原则,复现教育主体客体化窠臼、在育人理念中尚未建立“善思者”培养意识,与数字化时代育人旨归错位。就后者而言,ChatGPT对教育场域进行着异化重构,暗藏“知识—教学—育人”由表及里式的教育风险。为此,在知识教学层面,应提高学习者知识自主建构意识,培养批判创造高阶思维;在主体聚焦层面,应厘清虚拟教师互动本质,重构人机教育教学主体;在立场坚守层面,应遵循时代发展育人旨归,把握立德树人价值取向。

ChatGPT,with its human-like characteristics and role-empowering capabilities,has entered the education ecosystem strongly as a virtual teacher.On the one hand,ChatGPT can not only think about the meaning of the communication,but also guess the intention of the communication and string the context together.This allows for diversified knowledge transfer,personalized teaching guidance and efficient teaching evaluation,which not only reshapes the form of education,but also contributes to the reform of the education system and brings a technological dividend to the education field.On the other hand,the virtual teacher played by ChatGPT may adopt a standardized and formulaic model in teaching,resulting in the transmission of shoddy knowledge.In its interactions with students,ChatGPT may adhere to the principles of"professionalism and mass production"in industrial era,leading to the re-emergence of the cognitive dilemma of the educational subject.This virtual teacher has not yet developed a sense of"good thinker",which is not in line with the concept of education in the digital age.In the latter case,the educational field has been alienated and reconstructed by ChatGPT,hiding the risk of the"knowledge-teaching-education"approach to education from the surface to the inside.Therefore,at the level of knowledge transfer,educators should enhance learners'awareness of self-construction and develop higher-order thinking such as critical and creative thinking.At the level of educational subjects,we need to clarify the nature of interaction with the virtual teacher and reconstruct the subject of human-computer communication.At the level of educational stance,we should follow the educational logic of the times and grasp the value of moral education.