北京市2018—2021年中小学生近视状况

Prevalence of myopia of primary and middle school students in Beijing from 2018 to 2021

目的 了解北京市中小学生视力状况,以期为开展近视眼防控提供科学思路和参考。方法 于2018—2021年采用分层整群抽样方法,对北京市6个城区和10个郊区抽取的191 293名中小学生开展近视监测。近视筛查严格按照“儿童青少年近视筛查规范”进行,在非睫状肌麻痹条件下,使用台式自动电脑验光仪进行测量。采用χ^(2)检验进行统计学分析。结果 2018—2021年北京市中小学生总体近视率分别为60.7%,57.6%,59.2%和59.7%;小学生、初中生、普通高中生、职业高中生的近视率在2018年分别为38.3%,77.3%,88.3%,73.2%;2019年分别为34.7%,76.4%,87.7%,72.0%;2020分别为37.5%,76.8%,86.8%,74.9%;2021年分别为38.7%,77.4%,86.5%,74.9%;不同学段间差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为7 386.07,11 104.28,9 850.08,9 714.59,P值均<0.01)。2018—2021年4年间女生总体近视率(62.1%)高于男生(56.5%)(χ^(2)=613.75,P<0.01),且每年均表现为女生近视率高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为120.47,163.47,168.01,162.24,P值均<0.01)。2018—2021年4年间城区学生总体近视率(63.0%)高于郊区学生(56.0%)(χ^(2)=978.82,P<0.01),且每年均表现为城区学生近视率高于郊区学生,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为86.71,240.96,302.56,409.30,P值均<0.01)。结论 北京市中小学生近视检出率仍处高位,应继续加强对中小学视力不良的宣传和干预,将城市学生作为重点干预对象,有效控制并降低近视率,保障学生视力健康。

Objective To understand the vision status of primary and secondary school students in Beijing,in order to provide scientific reference for myopia prevention and control.Methods From 2018 to 2021,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to monitor myopia among 191293 primary and secondary school students selected from 6 urban areas and 10 suburban areas in Beijing.Myopic screening was in accordance with the"standards for children and adolescents myopic screening",and was measured by an automatic desktop computer optometer under non-cycloplegic conditions.Statistical analysis was used by Chi-square test.Results The total myopia rate of primary and middle school students in Beijing from 2018 to 2021 were 60.7%,57.6%,59.2%and 59.7%,respectively.In 2018,the myopia rates of primary school students,middle school students,regular high school students and vocational high school students were 38.3%,77.3%,88.3%and 73.2%respectively.In 2019,they were 34.7%,76.4%,87.7%and 72.0%,respectively;in 2020,they were 37.5%,76.8%,86.8%,74.9%;in 2021,they were 38.7%,77.4%,86.5%and 74.9%respectively.Significant differences in educational stage were observed(χ^(2)=7386.07,11104.28,9850.08,9714.59,P<0.01).From 2018 to 2021,the overall myopia rate of girls(62.1%)was higher than that of boys(56.5%)(χ^(2)=613.75,P<0.01).The myopia rate of girls were higher than that of boys in each year,and significant differences in educational stage were observed,respectively(χ^(2)=120.47,163.47,168.01,162.24,P<0.01).The overall myopia rate of urban students(63.0%)was higher than that of suburban students(56.0%)(χ^(2)=978.82,P<0.01).The myopia rate of urban students were higher than that of suburban students every year,and significant differences in educational stage were observed,respectively(χ^(2)=86.71,240.96,302.56,409.30,P<0.01).Conclusion The detection rate of myopia rate of primary and middle school students in Beijing is still high.It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and intervention of poor visual acuity in primary and middle school students,especially among urban area students,with the aim of effectively control and reduction in the myopia rate,and the improvement of student visual health.