耐力跑对久坐大学生自我控制影响的时程效益

Temporal benefits of endurance running on self-control in sedentary university students

目的 探究不同强度耐力跑运动对久坐大学生自我控制的影响,为揭示运动改善认知控制水平的即刻和持续效应提供参考。方法 采用整群分层随机抽样,选择山东省某大学城7所本科高校存在久坐行为的90名在读学生为试验对象,结合受试者意愿,最终完成30 min耐力跑运动的高、中、低强度组和空白对照组分别有21,23,21和25名,分别在运动后即刻、运动后5,15和30 min进行色-词关联试验,将色-词关联测验的正确率和反应时作为评价自我控制的两项指标。结果 运动后即刻,大学生色-词关联测验对照组[(774.03±127.85)ms]、高强度组[(745.37±109.59)ms]、中强度组[(627.90±129.18)ms]和低强度组反应时[(689.90±129.79)ms]差异有统计学意义(F=6.27,P<0.05)。对照组[(94.40±2.02)%]、低强度组[(95.38±1.96)%]、高强度组[(92.43±2.32)%]和中强度组正确率[(96.39±1.80)%]差异有统计学意义(F=14.87,P<0.05)。高强度耐力跑运动在30 min及以后色-词关联测验任务反应时和正确率均能够达到最佳水平(P值均<0.05),而中等强度耐力跑在运动后30 min中较低强度耐力跑具有较好提升自我控制能力的效果。结论 高、中强度耐力跑运动能够有效改善久坐大学生群体的自我控制能力。建议在身体能够承受的前提下进行中高强度耐力跑运动以提升自我控制和认知能力。

Objective To investigate the effects of endurance running at different intensities on self-control of sedentary university students,and to reveal the immediate and sustained effects of exercise on cognitive control.Methods Ninety students with sedentary behaviors from 7 universities in a university city in Shandong Province were selected by cluster stratified random sampling.21,23,21 and 25 students in the high,medium and low intensity groups and the blank control group completed the 30min endurance running exercise,combined with the willingness of the subjects.The Stroop test was conducted immediately after exercise,5,15 and 30 min after exercise,and the correct rate and response time of the Stroop test were used as two indicators of self-control.Results In the immediate post-exercise period,the correct response time for the control group(774.03±127.85)ms,the high-intensity group,the moderate-intensity group and the low-intensity group were statistically significant(F=6.27,P<0.05).The correct rate for the control group,the low-intensity group,the high-intensity group and the moderate-intensity group were statistically significant(F=14.87,P<0.05).High-intensity endurance running exercise was able to achieve the best performance at 30 min and beyond on the Stroop test response and correctness(P<0.05),while moderate-intensity endurance running had a better effect on improving self-control than low-intensity endurance running at 30 min post-exercise.Conclusion High and moderate-intensity endurance running exercises can effectively improve self-control in sedentary university students.It is recommended that moderate or high intensity endurance running be performed as the body can tolerate it to improve self-control and cognitive ability.