教师数字能力研究的现实图景与未来展望

Outline and Prospect of the Research of Teachers'Digital Competence

数字技术的迅猛发展加速了社会的数字化转型。教师需要具备一定的数字能力才能在数字社会的时代背景下抓住机遇、迎接挑战和规避风险。各个国家和地区由此展开了一系列教师数字能力研究的相关调查,冀望通过教育教学改革培养教师的数字能力,以赋能学习者数字能力的提升,实现社会及经济的可持续发展。教师数字能力通常是指教师在教育教学工作中自信、批判性和负责任地使用数字技术开展教育教学活动,以促进复杂问题解决和教育目标实现所涉及的一系列个人认知、知识、技能、态度和价值观的集合,包括数字基本能力、数字学习能力和数字教学能力三大基本面向。其影响因素不仅涵盖微观层面的性别、年龄、教学观念和自我效能感等,还包括宏观层面的政策制度、数字基础设施与数字化培训。为此,教师数字能力的培养通常需要国家及国际组织的政策引领、数字基础设施的完善、教师数字能力框架的构建、教师数字能力教育类课程的设置以及教师数字能力教育培训的开展。未来国内研究可以从教师数字能力本土框架的建构、教师数字能力测评实践研究的开展、教师数字能力研究方法的丰富等方面加以重视。

The rapid development of digital technology accelerates the digitalization of society. In order to seize opportunities, take challenges and avoid risks in digital society, teachers should have digital competence. Thus, a series of studies on teachers' digital competence are carried out by various countries and regions, so as to foster teachers' digital competence through education and teaching reforms, and then empower the progress of learners' digital competence and achieve sustainable social and economic development. Teachers' digital competence is generally defined as the set of personal cognition, knowledge, skills, attitudes and values, critical and responsible use of digital technologies in educational activities to facilitate complex problem solving and the achievement of educational goals.It generally includes three main facets: teachers' basic digital competence, teachers' digital learning competence and teachers' digital teaching competence. Important influences on teachers' digital competence range from gender, age, pedagogical perceptions, self-efficacy and so on at the micro level to policies, digital infrastructure and digital training at the macro level. Thereby, the development of teachers' digital competence usually requires policy guidance from national and international organizations, the improvement of digital infrastructure, the construction of a framework for teachers' digital competence, the establishment of related courses, and the development of relevant training. Future researches in China could focus on the construction of local framework for teachers' digital competence,the practical research on teachers' digital competence assessment, and the enrichment of research methods.