电动汽车振动特性及NVH性能控制研究进展

Research Progress of Vibration Characteristics and NVH Performance Controlling of Electric Vehicles

汽车振动及其产生的噪声影响汽车的舒适性、行车安全和使用寿命,引起噪声污染。汽车噪声、振动和声振粗糙度(NVH)性能是评价汽车振动及其噪声控制能力和乘坐舒适性的重要指标。论文分析了用户对汽车NVH性能的要求及评价方法,根据汽车振动及噪声的来源和产生的机理,结合汽车振动特性及NVH性能设计研究方法,综述了电动汽车电驱总成和悬架系统的振动特性及NVH性能控制研究现状,分析了隔振技术,指出了电动汽车振动控制存在的问题,提出了从提高整车计算机辅助设计(CAD)和计算机辅助工程(CAE)模型的精准性和通用性、优化整车结构设计、升级硬件材料配置和实施多部件协同控制提升汽车NVH性能的研究方向,以期为电动汽车振动及噪声控制方案设计和实现提供参考。

The vibration and noise caused by vehicles make drivers and passengers uncomfortable and produce environmental pollution.Traffic safety and service life of electric vehicles are also affected.Noise,vibration and harshness(NVH)performance is the key index to evaluate the ability to controlling the vibration and noise of vehicles and ride comfort of drivers and passengers.The requirement and evaluation method for NVH performance of the vehicles are analyzed.Based on the origination and formation mechanism of vehicles vibration,combined with the research method of vibration characteristics and NVH performance design,the research status of vibration characteri-stics and NVH performance controlling are reviewed for electric vehicle powertrain and suspension system of electrical vehicles.Vibration absorption technologies are analyzed.The problems on vibration controlling are pointed out.Improving the accuracy and popularity of computer aided design(CAD)and computer aided engineering(CAE)modeling,optimizing the structure of the whole vehicle assembly,upgrading materials configuration and multi-unit synergy controlling are the development trend for improving NVH performance of electric vehicles,which can provide a reference direction to project design and realization of the vibration and noise controlling for electrical vehicles.