抗结核抗菌肽及其纳米药物递送系统的研究进展

Research progress in anti-tuberculosis antimicrobial peptides and their nano drug delivery systems

由结核分枝杆菌复合群菌株引起的结核病是世界上最致命的传染病之一,同时由于愈发严重的耐药问题,使得对新型抗结核药物的需求更为迫切。抗菌谱广、耐药性低的抗菌肽在治疗结核病方面展现出巨大的潜力,但天然抗菌肽的低稳定性等局限使其临床应用受到限制。药物递送系统,特别是纳米药物递送载体成为解决该问题的重要途径之一。本文综述了抗结核抗菌肽的特征、作用机制和靶点,及近年来抗结核抗菌肽的生产、修饰和优化、与化疗药物联用等方面的研究现状;针对抗结核抗菌肽治疗面临的问题和抗结核药物纳米药物递送系统的发展,分析和展望了多种纳米材料作为抗结核抗菌肽递送载体的研究与应用,期望对更有效的结核病疗法的研发提供思路和指导。

Tuberculosis,caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains,is one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases.A growing problem of drug resistance has increased the urgent need for new anti-tuberculosis drugs.Antimicrobial peptides with a broad antimicrobial spectrum and low drug resistance show great potential in the treatment of tuberculosis,but limitations such as the low stability of natural antimicrobial peptides limit their clinical application.Drug delivery systems,particularly nano drug delivery carriers,have become an important way to solve this problem.This article reviews the features,mechanisms of action and targets of anti-tuberculosis antimicrobial peptides,as well as the status of recent research in their production,modification,optimization,and drug conjugation with chemotherapy drugs.In view of the problems faced by anti-tuberculosis antimicrobial peptide therapy and the development of nano drug delivery systems for anti-tuberculosis drugs,the research and applications of various nanomaterials as anti-tuberculosis antimicrobial peptide delivery carriers are analyzed,and future prospects are discussed,to provide ideas and guidance for the development of more effective tuberculosis therapies.