面向新型电力系统的频率安全研究综述与展望

Review and prospect of research on frequency security of new power system

随着电力系统低碳化转型的进程加速,我国电网正向着以“高比例新能源”和“高比例电力电子设备”为特征的新型电力系统转型。新能源出力的波动和电力电子设备的大规模接入,既显著增加了系统的不平衡功率冲击,又削弱了系统的频率支撑能力,给频率安全带来了严峻挑战。从频率安全的建模、分析和控制3个角度出发,首先介绍了电力系统频率响应的4种模型:全系统详细模型、线性化模型、单机等值模型、人工智能模型。然后对电力系统频率安全指标及其量化评估方法、影响因素进行评述。最后从“源-荷-储”及其协调控制等方面分析了频率安全的控制手段并介绍了频率紧急协调控制系统,并对建模、分析和控制3个方面分别提出展望。

With the accelerating process of low carbon transformation of power system,the power grid is becoming a new power system transformation characterized by“high proportion of new energy”and“high proportion of power electronic equipment”.The fluctuation of new energy output and the large-scale access of power electronic equipment not only significantly increase the unbalanced power impact of the system,but also weaken the frequency support ability of the system,which brings a severe challenge to the fre⁃quency security.From the perspective of modeling,analysis and control of frequency security,firstly four kinds of frequency response models of power system are summarized and compared,that is,full system de⁃tailed model,linearized model,single-machine equivalent model and artificial intelligence model.Then the frequency security index of power system and its quantitative evaluation methods and influencing factors are summarized.Finally,the frequency security control methods are summarized from the aspects of“source-load-storage”and its coordinated control,the frequency emergency coordinated control system is introduced,and the aspects of modeling,analysis and control are proposed.