粮食储备库粉尘物性特征参数研究

Study on characteristic parameters of dust properties in grain storage

对采集到的小麦、稻谷、玉米3大粮种进出库过程粉尘从物理性质、成分、元素和表面形貌特征等进行多维度分析。结果表明:3个粮种的总粉尘质量浓度均高于400 mg/m^(3),粉尘粒径近似呈正态分布,并且真实密度约是堆积密度的3.6倍。粉尘中灰分占比在40%左右,有机物含量中淀粉含量最高。粮食粉尘中元素种类复杂,非金属元素种类少但占比大;金属元素种类达30余种,并含有Hg、Cr等重金属元素。稻谷粉尘呈现大量的细长纤维形貌,玉米粉尘淀粉颗粒较多,小麦粉尘成分多样。数据可为粮食储备库防尘、防爆、个体防护等提供理论支撑。

The collected dust of wheat,rice and corn in and out of the warehouse was analyzed from the aspects of physical properties,composition,elements and surface morphology.The results showed that the total dust concentration of the three grain varieties was higher than 400 mg/m^(3),the dust particle size distribution was approximately normal,and the real density was about 3.6 times of the bulk density.The ash content in the dust was about 40%,and the starch content was the highest in the organic matter content.The types of elements in grain dust were complex,and non-metallic elements were few but account for a large proportion.There were more than 30 kinds of metal elements,including Hg,Cr and other heavy metal elements.Rice dust presents a large number of slender fiber morphology,corn dust has more starch particles,and wheat dust has various components.The data could provide theoretical support for dust prevention,explosion protection and individual protection of grain storage.