村落文化遗产景观再生产的三重属性

The Triple Attributes of Village Cultural Heritage Landscape Reproduction

“谁的文化遗产(价值)?”是一个由来已久的争议性议题。虽然诸多研究深入讨论了文化遗产的权属问题,但至今仍然没有令人满意的答案。自中国传统村落调查启动以来,村落文化遗产日益成为景观再生产的实践对象。以空间生产理论为分析工具,探讨村落文化遗产景观再生产的属性,可以成为一个超越文化遗产权属之争的研究方向。通过对纳禄村持续六年的田野调查,本研究发现:国家层面开展传统村落调查引发了保护与利用村落文化遗产的热潮;地方力量基于传统的“家”文化参与和拓展了村落文化遗产的景观再生产,营造了新的家园/社区空间;国家与地方在有意无意中张罗了迎合社会大众的公共空间。国家性、家园性和开放性成为村落文化遗产景观再生产的三大属性。它们共同彰显了村落文化遗产的共富价值与空间生产的另一种正义性,为依托文化遗产开展乡村振兴提供了多方协同推进的新路径。

“Whose cultural heritage(value)”is a long-standing controversial issue.Although many studies have delved into the issue of ownership of cultural heritage,satisfactory insights have not yet been obtained.Since the launch of the national survey of traditional Chinese villages,village cultural heritage has increasingly become a practical object of landscape reproduction.To explore the main attributes of the reproduction of village cultural heritage landscapes by using spatial production theory as an analytical tool can become a research direction that goes beyond the dispute over cultural heritage ownership.Through a six-year follow-up field research of Nalu Village,this study has found out that conducting traditional village surveys has sparked a wave of protection and utilization of village cultural heritage;local forces have participated in and expanded the landscape reproduction of village cultural heritage based on traditional“home”culture,creating new home/community spaces;state and local forces are intentionally or unintentionally creating public spaces that cater to the expectations of the public.Being national,homely,and open have become three important attributes of the reproduction of village cultural heritage landscapes.They jointly demonstrate the shared value of village cultural heritage and another justice of spatial production,providing a new path for multi-party collaborative promotion of rural revitalization based on cultural heritage.