中国服装行业上市企业数字化转型评价

Evaluation on the digital transformation of listed enterprises in China’s clothing industry

为了研究中国服装企业数字化转型的主要影响因素和转型程度,文章以中国服装行业上市企业为研究对象,从技术变革能力、组织变革能力和业务变革能力3个维度建立了服装行业上市企业数字化转型评价指标体系,并运用熵权—TOPSIS评价法对中国24家服装行业上市企业2018—2021年的企业面板数据进行了分析。权重分析结果表明,业务变革能力权重为0.365,对中国服装行业上市企业数字化转型的影响最大。数字化转型指数表明,超过50%的样本企业数字化程度有所提升;2018—2021年的数字化指数平均值分别为0.288、0.292、0.333和0.336,整体取得一定进展,但程度较低。最后基于企业层面,分析了数字化转型程度低的原因并给出相关建议。

With the rapid development of related technologies such as the Internet,big data,and artificial intelligence,the digital economy has gradually become an important factor to drive economic development.After several years’continuous growth,the scale of China’s digital economy reached about 39.2 trillion yuan by 2020,accounting for 38.6%of GDP.The rapid development of the digital economy promotes the digital transformation of China’s traditional manufacturing enterprises.As one of the traditional manufacturing industries in China,the clothing industry should follow the trend of digitalization and utilize digital technology to comprehensively reform the organizational structure and business processes of enterprises,so as to eliminate issues such as personnel redundancy and low production efficiency,improve operational efficiency and market competitiveness,and better meet the growing personalized needs of consumers.Therefore,the digital transformation of garment enterprises has become a hot topic at present.It is found through literature related to the digitalization of garment enterprises that relevant studies on digitalization of garment enterprises mainly focus on the application aspect of digital technology,lacking analysis of influencing factors and evaluation of transformation degree from the perspective of enterprise.To promote the digital transformation of China’s garment enterprises,listed enterprises in China’s clothing industry were selected as the sample enterprises,the main influencing factors of transformation were analyzed at the enterprise level,the degree of digital transformation was measured,and digital transformation evaluation was carried out.The research time interval is from 2018 to 2021.By analyzing the annual reports of listed enterprises in the China’s clothing industry,the enterprises mainly engaged in clothing and accessory product business were selected,and the enterprises with inconsistent data and no digital related information disclosure were excluded.Finally,24 sample enterprises were obtained.To cover as many aspects as possible of the digital transformation of sample enterprises,the relevant literature on digital transformation evaluation and the annual reports of listed clothing companies were sorted out,and the results show that the main changes of garment enterprises of digital transformation are reflected in three dimensions:digital technology,organizational environment and business processes.By comparing relevant evaluation methods,it was found that the entropy-TOPSIS evaluation method has the advantages of objective results and strong logic in dealing with multilevel and multi-index digital transformation indicator systems,which meets the research needs.Therefore,this paper constructed an evaluation indicator system for the digital transformation of listed enterprises in China’s clothing industry,which contains 19 specific indicators in three dimensions:technological transformation capability,organizational transformation capability and business transformation capability.Based on the panel data of 24 listed enterprises in the clothing industry in China from 2018 to 2021,the entropy weight method was employed to assign weights to quantitative indicators,with the weight value representing the influence degree of indicators in the digital transformation process;the weight value was substituted into the TOPSIS evaluation method to calculate and evaluate the digital transformation indicator of each sample enterprise.The weight analysis results show that:among the three primary indicators,the weight of business transformation capability is 0.365,indicating the greatest impact on the digital transformation of listed enterprises in China’s clothing industry.Among the 10 secondary indicators,the top three weights are digital infrastructure construction,organizational structure transformation,and digital personnel training,with values of 0.251,0.154,and 0.133,respectively.These three secondary indicators contain many tertiary indicators,and enterprises should balance the development of each specific influencing factor.Among the tertiary indicators,digital design system has the highest weight of 0.111,which indicates that design is an important part of garment enterprises’digital transformation in the context of consumers’pursuit for personalization.The digital transformation index shows that more than 50%of sample enterprises have improved their digital degree;the average digital indexes of full samples from 2018 to 2021 are 0.288,0.292,0.333 and 0.336,respectively,showing an upward trend,and indicating that China’s listed garment enterprises have made some progress in digital transformation overall,but the degree of digitalization is low.The sample enterprises could do better in the future.Finally,based on the enterprise level,we summarized three main reasons for the low degree of digital transformation:(i)limited digital investment;(ii)weak ability to transform organizational structure;(iii)difficulties in business process transformation.In view of the three main reasons for the low degree of digital transformation,three suggestions were proposed:(i)increasing investment in digital technology and equipment;(ii)creating a digital environment,cultivating,and introducing relevant people;(iii)emphasizing standardized data transmission and promoting business process transformation.The evaluation indicator system for digital transformation of garment enterprises constructed in this paper is objective,scientific and hierarchical,which can provide reference for the digital transformation of China’s garment enterprises.In the future,the indicator system could be modified and improved on the basis of the indicator system built in this paper;the small and medium-sized garment enterprises could be included in the research scope,and then the number of sample enterprises could be expanded.In this way,the influencing factors and transformation effects of digital transformation in China’s garment enterprises could be analyzed more comprehensively.We could also compare domestic and foreign garment enterprises,to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of China’s garment enterprises in the process of digital transformation,so as to accelerate the digital transformation.