基于眼动追踪技术下明代汉服设计要素研究

Research on Hanfu design elements in the Ming Dynasty based on eye tracking technology

汉服是中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,文章以明代汉服为研究对象,汉服的版型色彩、图案为设计变量,探讨这些设计要素对当代年轻用户的视觉注意、认知加工程度及满意度的影响。采用眼动追踪实验获取不同汉服设计要素的组合,年轻用户群体的客观行为反应数据,并通过量表进行主观满意度测量。明代汉服的版型、色彩、图案三种基本设计要素分别对视觉注意、认知加工程度、主观满意度具有主效应,且具有显著交互作用。研究表明,圆领袍的版型设计、色彩中的赭红色、图案中的仙鹤纹更加吸引用户的视觉注意,用户的认知加工程度及主观满意度的评价较高。

Hanfu,an important part of China’s excellent traditional culture,not only carries the spirit of craftsmen in ancient China,but also is a treasure of Chinese culture.In recent years,Hanfu has gradually become a carrier for Chinese youth to express national feelings,and at the same time,Chinese culture has been widely spread around the world,which shows that people’s sense of identity with China’s excellent traditional culture has gradually increased.In this context,how to integrate the design characteristics of Hanfu with modern aesthetics and further inherit and carry forward Hanfu culture requires a reasonable grasp of the design principles of Hanfu,so the study of Hanfu design elements has a very important role and significance.We took Hanfu in the Ming Dynasty as the research object,and the style,color and pattern of Hanfu as design variables,and discussed the impact of these design elements on the visual attention,cognitive processing degree and satisfaction of contemporary young users.We first conducted field research and analysis on the Ming Dynasty Hanfu in Shandong Museum,and concluded that the overall structure of the Ming Dynasty Hanfu conforms to the“cross-shaped”plane structure,and it is found through the analysis of the style structure of the Hanfu in the museum that Hanfu mainly includes round neck robe,terlig,straight robe,Taoist robe,stand-up collar cardigan shirt,horse-face skirt,etc.The Ming Dynasty color styles are extremely rich,and the main clothing tones are red,gold,cyan,blue,purple,etc.;Ming Dynasty costumes are mainly of auspicious patterns,such as pomegranate,carp lotus,cloud crane,flower and bird,and swastika jade rabbit,with different patterns representing different meanings.Secondly,according to the survey results and analysis,the behavioral experimental research of Hanfu design elements was carried out.A total of 40 experimental participants were selected and a mixed experimental method of three factors,namely the shape structure(round neck robe,Taoist robe,and straight collar vertical shirt),main color(ochre,navy blue and greenish-grey),and pattern(cloud crane,flower and bird,and swastika jade rabbit).The collection of experimental data is mainly divided into two parts:eye tracking and questionnaire survey,with the latter being designed in combination with important index elements in Hanfu design,and being distributed to participants after the eye tracking experiment to measure subjective user satisfaction.Objective eye tracking data such as the number of fixations,total fixation time,and pupil diameter were recorded through the eye tracker.Finally,multivariate ANOVA was performed on the experimental data.According to the analysis of experimental conclusions,the three basic design elements of layout,color and pattern have the main effects on visual attention,cognitive processing degree and subjective satisfaction,respectively,and the interaction is significant.This shows that through eye tracking technology,the visual rules of the participants can be clearer in the research,and the information points that need to be emphasized in the design process can be more accurately grasped.According to subjective satisfaction,it is found that users will make subjective evaluations of Hanfu as a whole based on the pattern structure combined with colors and patterns.The Ming Dynasty Hanfu design elements were combined with the pattern structure,color main color,pattern and eye tracking technology,and the Hanfu design elements were studied through behavioral experiments.It is found that the three design elements of Ming Dynasty Hanfu,namely the pattern structure,main color and pattern,have the main effects on visual attention,cognitive processing degree and subjective satisfaction,respectively,and the interaction between the three design elements is significant.Specifically,the shape structure of the round neck robe,ochre and crane pattern are the optimal design combination,and the users’cognitive processing degree and subjective satisfaction are the highest evaluation.In the follow-up research,the style structure of Hanfu of different dynasties will be expanded,and the research of Hanfu fabric will be increased to carry out more detailed testing,the local structure,color and pattern of the style will be divided more finely,and the local refinement of Hanfu design elements will be carried out.With the continuous upgrading of experimental equipment,virtual technology can also be used in future research to obtain data closer to the user experience,and immersive and all-round research tests can be conducted.