家庭教育的角色逻辑、现实障碍与体系创新--兼论《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》的引导意义

The Role Logic,Realistic Obstacles and System Innovation of Family Education:A Discussion on the Guiding Significance of the Family Education Promotion Law of the People s Republic of China

《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》的实施将家庭教育的地位由“家事”上升为“国事”。从角色理论逻辑看,家长在家庭教育中被寄予了更高的期待。“依法带娃”促使教育角色发生了由“弱”到“强”的突变,导致家长陷入期待过高、赋权不足的境地。扮演多重角色的家长因角色定位不当最终导致角色行为失败。影响角色行为的现实障碍主要有:教育资源配置的结构性失衡以及偏重教育选拔功能的倾向对角色行为产生负面影响;教育中长期消耗而未及时补回的心理成本、激烈的市场竞争引起的教育焦虑以及教育成本外溢等导致角色过载;多重社会角色压力下缺乏足够的内外支持,致使多重角色失调,进一步激化角色冲突。《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》的实施,为消除家庭教育的现实障碍提供法律支持,为国家、社会、学校和家长等相关主体“赋能授权”提供法律依据。法律引导下的家庭教育体系创新,应注重探索多主体在家庭教育中的共生关系和联动机制,努力构建家庭本位的家庭教育共生体系、学校牵头的家庭教育联动体系、政府主导的家庭教育支持体系以及社区组织的家庭教育服务体系,进而形成多元立体的家庭教育体系。

The implementation of the Family Education Promotion Law of the People s Republic of China elevates the status of family education from a mere“domestic matter”to a“national matter”.From the perspective of role theory,parents are now bestowed with higher expectations to“raise their children in accordance with the law”,resulting in a stronger role of family in national education.This transformation has led a higher expectation on parents.The multifaceted roles parents play result in role misalignment,ultimately leading to the failure of role behavior.Key obstacles that influence role behavior are reflected in various aspects.Structural imbalances in the allocation of educational resources and an emphasis on the selective function of education have negative impact on parents role behavior.Psychological costs accumulated over the medium to long term,unaddressed education-related anxieties due to intense market competition,and the spillover of education costs contribute to role overload.Insufficient internal and external support under the pressure of multiple social roles leads to role dissonance and exacerbates role conflicts.The implementation of the Family Education Promotion Law of the People s Republic of China provides legal support in eliminating obstacles in family education and offers a legal basis for empowering relevant entities such as the state,society,schools,and parents.Under the guidance of the law,the innovation of family education system should focus on exploring the symbiotic relationship and linkage mechanism of multiple subjects in family education.This involves the establishment of a family-centered symbiotic system,a school-led interactive system,a government-led support system,and a community-based service system,culminating in a diverse and comprehensive family education system.