空间引力波探测惯性传感器关键技术与进展

Key technologies and progress of inertial sensors for space gravitational wave detection

空间引力波探测任务中的核心科学载荷之一是惯性传感器,旨在探测极其微弱的空间引力波的波纹变化。首先介绍了空间惯性传感器的探测机理和工作原理;然后从电容位移传感、静电反馈控制、地面评价3个方面介绍了惯性传感器设计的关键技术;并且对国内外惯性传感器的发展研究现状进行了梳理,可以看到惯性传感器关键指标为残余加速度噪声,国外在该指标上达到3×10^(-15)m/s^(2)/Hz^(1/2),国内与国外存在着3个量级的差距,因此开展高精度空间惯性传感器研究与设计具有重大战略意义和科学意义,是中国有望赶超世界科技前沿或领跑世界科技研究的重要方向之一。面向中国未来空间引力波探测任务中的惯性传感器需求,可以聚焦于惯性传感器控制体制策略、交流执行机参数优化、多自由度解耦控制技术、低噪声技术这四个方面的研究。

Space inertial sensor is one of the key science payloads in space gravitational wave detection mission,aiming to detect infinitesimal change in gravitational wave.The research progress,detection principle and working mechanism of the inertial sensor were introduced and discussed to illustrate its technical challenges.The key technologies of the inertial sensor design were illustrated in three aspects:capacitance displacement sensing,electrostatic feedback control and ground evaluation.Then,the development and research status of inertial sensors worldwide were reviewed and summarized.It could be seen that the residual acceleration noise was the key indicator of the inertial sensor.It reached 3×10^(-15)m/s^(2)/Hz^(1/2) orders of magnitude abroad.There are three orders of magnitude deficit between domestic and abroad.Thus,the study on high precision space inertial sensor has great strategic and scientific significance.To meet the needs of inertial sensors in China's future space gravitational wave detection missions,the research can focus on inertial sensor control system strategy,AC actuator parameter optimization,multi-degree-of-freedom decoupling control technology,and low noise technology.