15个籼稻品种对砷元素的吸收与累积特征

Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Arsenic in 15 Indica Rice Varieties

【目的】探明不同籼稻品种对砷元素的富集规律及特性差异,为砷低累积水稻品种筛选和稻米安全生产提供参考。【方法】以15个三系杂交籼稻品种(川优6203、川优3727、川种优3877、国泰香优2号、内6优107、蓉优33、蜀香优636、野香优明月丝苗、宜香2079、华浙优261、宜香优2115、宜香优62、甬优4949、兆优6377、兆优国泰)为供试材料,在轻度砷污染(1<P_(AS)≤2)地块进行大田试验,分析不同品种的根、茎、叶和籽粒中砷元素的积累特性并进行砷低累积品种筛选。【结果】在轻度砷污染条件下,15个籼稻品种的平均产量为6493.39 kg/hm^(2),其中,兆优6377(7400.10 kg/hm^(2))产量最高,宜香2079(6050.10 kg/hm^(2))产量最低。15个籼稻品种不同部位砷含量均表现为根>叶>茎>籽粒,籽粒中砷含量均低于食品安全国家标准中无机砷限量(0.2 mg/kg)。根据籽粒砷元素积累程度,15个籼稻品种分为较低、中等和较高积累3类,其中,As较低和中等累积分别有6个品种,As较高累积有3个品种。砷元素在籼稻中转运能力为TF_(茎-叶)>TF_(茎-籽粒)>TF_(叶-籽粒)>TF_(根-叶)>TF_(根-茎),富集能力为BCF_(根)>BCF_(叶)>BCF_(茎)>BCF_(籽粒)。【结论】15份供试籼稻中,蜀香优636、宜香2079、国泰香优2号、川优6203、蓉优33、川优3727为As相对较低砷元素累积品种,可作为轻度砷污染区的水稻候选品种。

【Objective】The enrichment regularity and characteristic difference of arsenic in different indica rice varieties were studied to provide a reference for the selection of rice varieties with low arsenic accumulation and the safe production of rice.【Method】Taking 15 three-line indica hybrid rice varieties(Chuanyou 6203,Chuanyou 3727,Chuanzhongyou 3877,Guotaixiangyou 2,Nei 6 you 107,Rongyou 33,Shuxiangyou 636,Yexiangyoumingyuesimiao,Yixiang 2079,Huazheyou 261,Yixiangyou 2115,Yixiangyou 62,Yongyou 4949,Zhaoyou 6377 and Zhaoyouguotai)as the test materials,the field trial was used in the slightly arsenic-contaminated soil(1<P_(AS)≤2)to analyze the accumulation characteristics of arsenic in roots,stems,leaves and grains of different rice varieties,and to screen the rice varieties with low arsenic accumulation.【Result】The average yield of the 15 indica rice varieties was 6493.39 kg/hm^(2) in the slightly arsenic-contaminated soil,of which the highest rice yield was Zhaoyou 6377(7400.10 kg/hm^(2)),and the lowest yield was Yixiang 2079(6050.10 kg/hm^(2)).The arsenic accumulation in different parts of 15 indica rice varieties was root leaves>stem>grain,and arsenic content in grains was lower than the limit of inorganic arsenic(0.2 mg/kg)in the National Food Safety Standard.Based on the arsenic accumulation in grains,the 15 indica rice varieties were divided into lower,moderate and higher arsenic accumulation varieties.There were 6 lower and 6 moderate arsenic accumulation varieties,while there were 3 higher arsenic accumulation varieties.The sequence of translocation ability for arsenic in indica rice was TF_(stem-leaves)>TF_(stem-grain)>TF_(leaves-grain)>TF_(root-leaves)>TF_(root-stem).Meanwhile,the enrichment ability followed BCF_(root)>BCF _(leaves)>BCF_(stem)>BCF_(grain).【Conclusion】In the 15 indica rice varieties,Shuxiangyou 636,Yixiang 2079,Guotaixiangyou 2,Chuanyou 6203,Rongyou 33 and Chuanyou 3727 were the lower arsenic accumulation varieties,which could be used as candidate rice varieties in the slightly arsenic-contaminated soil.