基于STC15单片机的教学用模拟电子雷管设计与实现

Design and Implementation of Analog Electronic Detonator for Teaching based on STC15 Microcontroller

电子雷管是爆破工程领域目前采用的主要起爆方式,但因其具有高危险性和特殊管控要求,无法在课堂教学和实验教学中使用,亟待研发一种安全可靠且可重复使用的模拟器材。基于STC15单片机,设计与调试了教学用模拟电子雷管,借助3D打印技术,制作了模拟电子雷管,并成功应用于雷管检测和起爆网路模拟实验教学。研究表明:模拟电子雷管主要由电源电路、雷管模拟电路和PCB板构成,由雷管一端伸出一对引线连接电源,通过电源电路给单片机控制芯片、驱动电路及声光模拟器件供电,通电后单片机控制芯片可以按照写入的程序驱动声光模拟器件模拟电子雷管工作,从而实现了延期爆破时间可调节、爆破真实场景可模拟、内部结构可直观观测以及串并联稳定运行等功能;通过实验教学,让学生了解了电子雷管的结构和特性,掌握了雷管性能检测方法和起爆网络连接方法,充分调动了学习“爆破安全”课程的积极性,充分发挥了主观能动性,有效提高了实操能力,实验教学效果良好。

Electronic detonators are the main initiation method currently used in the field of explosives engineering.However,they cannot be used in classroom or experimental teaching due to their high risk and special control requirements.It is urgent to develop a safe,reliable and reusable simulation device.Based on the STC15 microcontroller technology,a kind of analog electronic detonator for teaching was designed and tested.The simulated electronic detonators can be manufactured by 3D printing technology an they have been successfully applied to detonator detection and detonation network simulation experiments.The analog electronic detonator is mainly composed of power circuits,detonator simulation circuits,and PCB boards.A pair of leads protruding from one end of the detonator are connected to the power supply.Then,the microcontroller control chip,the drive circuit and the acousto-optic simulator are powered by the power supply circuit.After being powered on,the microcontroller control chip can drive the acousto-optic simulator device according to the written program to simulate the operation of the electronic detonators.Thus,adjustable delay times have been implemented.In addition,the real blasting scene can be simulated,the internal structure can be visually observed,and series parallel stable operation can be realized.Through the experimental teaching,students can understand the structure and characteristics of electronic detonators,master the detonator performance detection method and detonation network connection method.The new analog electronic detonators can fully mobilize students′enthusiasm of learning the“blasting safety”course,give full play to the subjective initiative,and effectively improve their practical ability.