规范性的最新研究

Recent Work on Normativity

当代法哲学中最根本性的问题是法的规范性,而无论是法实证主义、自然法还是德沃金的法哲学都可以被视为在尝试为这一问题给出答案。要想回应法的规范性则必须进入对于一般层面的规范性的讨论,这也是为何哈特、拉兹以及德沃金都试图对于例如理由、动机、价值等问题给出回答。本文的目的是总结近年来规范性问题上传统的理论阵营所取得的最新进展。文章以实在论的讨论作为基础,反思实在论的不同理论分支的区别及其理论困境,并且着重讨论表达主义与建构主义这两种当代出现的反实在论的理论,以及这两种理论如果想要回答规范性问题,需要回应何种批评。

The most fundamental problem in contemporary legal philosophy is the normativity of law.Legal positivism,natural law theories and the Dworkianian theory could be regarded as efforts to solve this problem.To clarify the normativity of law requires elaborations on normativity on the general level,which is why,for instance,Hart,Raz and Dworkin try to respond to problems such as reason,motivation,and value.The purpose of this article is to summarize the progress on the discussion of normativity that different camps have made in recent years.The summary starts with different approaches of realism,reflecting on their differences and difficulties,and then focuses on the two recent anti-realism theories namely expressivism and constructivism.Finally,this paper canvasses the criticism for those two theories to reply to,if they intend to give answers to the problem of normativity.