鸡粪筒仓式反应器堆肥产品质量评估和经济效益分析

Quality assessment and economic benefit analysis of chicken manure compost products by silo reactor

为评估筒仓式反应器堆肥产品质量,利用大型筒仓式反应器开展鸡粪堆肥试验,探究堆肥原料组成、曝气强度和发酵菌剂对反应器堆肥产品的腐熟状况、氮素含量、总养分含量等的影响,并分析反应器堆肥处理鸡粪的经济效益。结果显示,添加菌渣和发酵菌剂、维持适中的曝气强度可以提高堆肥温度,降低堆肥pH值。添加菌渣和发酵菌剂、增大曝气强度可以降低堆肥含水率。添加菌渣、降低曝气强度可以抑制总有机碳和腐殖质的降解,添加发酵菌剂可以促进总有机碳降解,但对腐殖质的影响较小。原料组成对腐熟堆肥的种子发芽指数的影响较小,增大曝气强度和添加发酵菌剂可以提高堆肥的种子发芽指数。反应器处理鸡粪堆肥产品的铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量为100~150 mg/kg,硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量较低且差别较小。反应器处理后的腐熟堆肥的总养分含量为5.58%~7.44%,达到国家有机肥料标准要求;总有机质含量为26.44%~48.12%,含水率为25.00%~35.00%,pH值为9.40,腐熟堆肥的种子发芽指数为19.33%~59.50%,均未达到国家标准要求,需要进行二次腐熟处理。该堆肥反应器每年可生产鸡粪有机肥约657 t,1 t鸡粪有机肥的生产成本为473元,每年可获得经济效益8.34×10^(4)元。堆肥反应器购置费用占养殖场鸡粪处理设施设备总投资的70%,建议加大对养殖场堆肥反应器购置的专项补贴力度。

To evaluate the quality of chicken manure compost products by silo reactor,a large-sized silo reactor was used to do composting experiment by using chicken manure as material,so as to explore the effects of raw material composition,aeration intensity and microbial fermentation agent on the decomposing condition,nitrogen content and total nutrient content of compost products,and to analyze the economic benefits of silo reactor in composting chicken manure.The results showed that,adding mushroom residues and microbial agent,maintaining medium aeration intensity could increase the compost temperature and reduce the pH value.Moisture contents of the chicken manure composts could be reduced by adding mushroom residues and microbial fermentation agent,as well as increasing aeration intensity.Degradations of total organic carbon and humus could be inhibited by adding mushroom residues and decreasing aeration intensity,and the degradation of total organic carbon could be accelerated by adding microbial fermentation agent,but the humus was slightly influenced.The raw material composition showed little influences on germination indexes of seeds in matured composts,while increasing aeration intensity and adding microbial fermentation agent could increase the germination index of seeds in composts.The NH_(4)^(+)-N contents of chicken manure compost products by silo reactor during the silo reactor composting were 100-150 mg/kg,while the NO_(3)^(-)-N contents in the compost products were low and showed little difference.The total nutrient contents of matured composts treated by silo reactor were 5.58%-7.44%,which met the requirements of the national standard for commercial organic fertilizer.The total organic matter contents were 26.44%-48.12%,the moisture contents were 25.00%-35.00%,the pH value was 9.40 and the germination indexes of seeds in mature composts were 19.33%-59.50%.All of the indexes didn’t meet the requirements of the national standard and need secondary decomposing treatment.The silo reactor could produce about 657 t chicken manure organic fertilizer per year and the unit production cost was 473 RMB/t,which could obtain economic benefit of 8.34×10^(4) RMB per year.The purchase cost of the silo reactor accounted for 70% of the total investment of the facilities and equipment for chicken manure processing in the livestock farm.It is suggested to increase special subsidy for purchasing composting reactors by livestock and poultry farms.