居住安排偏好与现实一致性对老年人主观幸福感的影响

Living Arrangement Preferences,Concordance and the Effects on Subjective Well-Being of Older People in China

使用第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查数据,在采用基于链式方程的多重插补方法补全变量缺失值的基础上,构建有序逻辑回归模型,综合分析实际居住安排、居住安排偏好是否得到满足以及其他个人因素对中国老年人主观幸福感的影响。研究发现:首先,只考虑实际居住安排的话,三代同堂的老年人幸福感最高,远离子女居住的老年人幸福感最低;其次,当实际居住安排和居住安排偏好是否满足被同时控制时,前者的统计显著性消失,而后者对老年人主观幸福感的积极作用仍然显著,能否满足老年人的居住安排偏好对于提高老年人的主观幸福感似乎更重要。因此,从提高主观幸福感的角度出发,并不存在一种固定的适合所有老年人的居住安排。只有符合老年人本人预期、满足其偏好的居住安排,才是最适合他们的。基于此,提出如下建议:政府应当创新老龄社会治理,更多地从需求侧入手,通过提供经济支持、完善护理服务、加强孝道宣传等方式,使老年人有更多的选择理想居住安排的余地,从而全面提升老年人的获得感和幸福感。

Using multiple imputations by chained equations(MICE)to complete the missing values of the variables,this article investigated the effects of actual living arrangements,living arrangement concordance and other personal characteristics on the subjective well-being(SWB)of older Chinese.Data were derived from the Fourth Sampling Survey of the Aged Population in Urban/Rural China conducted in 2015.Results of the ordered logistic regression show that,when only the actual living arrangement is considered,living with one's adult children and grandchildren is the preferred arrangement from the point of view of SWB,whereas the SWB of those who are living far away from their children is the lowest.However,the predictive effects of the actual living arrangement on SWB lost significance when actual living arrangement and concordance were added simultaneously.Living in a preferred arrangement appears to be more important in improving older people's SWB.Therefore,there should not be an one-size fits-all living arrangement that maximizes SWB for all older people.Only living arrangements that meet the expectations of older persons and fulfil their preferences are the most suitable for them.In this regard,the following suggestions are put forward:the government should innovate aging society governance,concentrate on the demand side,and enable older persons to have more choices of ideal living arrangements by improving financial support as well as care services,and promote filial piety propaganda,so as to enhance their sense of fulillment and wellbeing in a comprehensive manner.