平台城市主义视角下数字化日常出行的社会文化地理分析:广州案例

Platform urbanism and the sociocultural patterns of platform-mediated daily mobilities:A case study in Guangzhou

2000—2020年,随着平台经济和智慧城市的快速发展,人文地理学开始关注数字技术如何在平台应用的情境下进行地理知识的生产。在此背景下,本研究基于平台城市主义的视角,以广州为案例地,探讨了出行者借助数字平台开展日常出行活动的社会文化特征及其塑造的“人−平台−空间”关系。研究发现,广州城市居民的日常出行活动已与数字平台高度融合。但对于不同的群体而言,其使用平台制定出行计划、进行出行活动的具体方式都存在一定的差异。此外,出行活动发生的具体情境也增强了数字化日常出行的复杂性,塑造了计划性出行、偶然性出行、灵活性出行等多种出行模式,并促使它们以不同的形式在现实实践中相互交织。归根结底,上述多样化的数字化日常出行是出行者、数字平台与城市空间共同作用的结果,以“指南”和“磨合”为代表的互动方式分别体现了平台对出行过程的影响以及个体主观能动性的作用。本研究丰富了数字化出行相关研究的分析视角,有助于为未来数字中国与智慧城市的建设提供更具人本主义的观点。

Since digital platforms play an increasingly important role in urban governance/management and experiences,in the past two decades,human geographers have paid active attention to how geographical knowledge is produced by the digital in the mundane and how the digital is mediating the production of space and transforming the relations between human and space.Resonating with this trend,this research explores the sociocultural patterns of daily mobilities with the assistance of digital platforms based on the concept of platform urbanism,aimed to reveal the interactions between digital subjects,platforms,and urban space during this process.The analysis in this article is based on a fieldwork in urban Guangzhou consisting of questionnaire survey,semi-structured interviews,and participant observations.The main results of this fieldwork not only provide a general portrait of digital platform use in daily travel,such as the types of platforms applied in practice and their corresponding usage frequency,but also is beneficial to better understand how digital platforms are integrated into daily mobilities in an unconscious,contingent,creative and momentary way through details like gestures,habits,emotional experience presented in the combined data.Generally,the key findings of this article have demonstrated that digital platforms have already gained broad use in daily mobilities in Guangzhou.Nevertheless,specific details about how people make use of digital platforms while planning or managing daily mobilities still vary from the demographic patterns,especially among those groups with different ages and different degrees of education.Simultaneously,the diversity and the complexity of the daily mobilities associated with digital platforms can also be attributed to the social-spatial contexts of the practice,which have an important influence on shaping different types of platform-mediated mobilities,including purposive mobilities,contingent mobilities,flexible mobilities,and the way they interweave during the process of daily mobilities.Ultimately,this article argues that daily travel is a social and digital practice that forges multiplex interactions between people,digital platforms,and urban space through two patterns:"guide"and"adaption".In the former,the use of digital platforms can guide the way in which daily mobilities are conducted by strengthening or weakening people's(digital)skills,such as collecting information,making travel plans,telling directions,experiencing and producing places.While in the latter,as a result of the highly accidental,incomplete,uncertain interactions between people,platforms,and space,failures emerging from daily mobilities would encourage users to explore their creative and resistant tactics to improve the effects of platform use.Aimed to identify the roles people,digital platforms,and urban space played respectively in mobilities in Guangzhou,this article allows us to witness how platform urbanism contributes to completing the past research on the relations between daily travel and technology,thus offering a significant insight into the further exploration of daily practice mediated by digital platforms and the construction of human-oriented smart cities in the future.