基于社交媒体大数据的闽南非物质文化遗产时空扩散及对地理环境的响应

Spatio-temporal evolution of Minnan intangible cultural heritage and the response to geographical environment based on social media big data

以2010—2020年社交媒体大数据获取闽南非物质文化遗产(全文简称闽南非遗)POI数据,采用空间分析和地理探测器研究了闽南非遗POI时空扩散特征及其对多维地理环境的响应。结果表明:闽南非遗类型结构以传统戏剧、传统音乐、民俗和传统技艺为主,在全国尺度形成了以福建省及台湾地区台北市和高雄市为核心的2条南北带状聚集区;在福建省尺度上,非遗POI为正的空间自相关分布模式,形成了由厦门、漳州、泉州及福州市向内陆辐射分布的特征,10 a间POI数量逐年上升,非遗质心在南安市和厦门市内迂回;交通、沿河、人口密度、坡度、温度、城镇化水平等自然、社会环境共同主导闽南非遗POI时空扩散,文化根植性也是其扩散的重要机制。

Intangible cultural heritage is the essence of traditional intangible culture,which is the product of the coupling of man-earth relationship and time-space accumulation.The big data of social media can improve the spatiotemporal distribution study of the intangible cultural heritage at the finer spatio-temporal scales.Southern Fujian(Minnan)is a relatively complete cultural geographical area,including Quanzhou City,Zhangzhou City and Xiamen City of Fujian Province.There are a large number of intangible cultural heritage in Southern Fujian,such as Nanyin,Dehua white porcelain,and lacquer line carving,and the number ranks among the top in China.All those make the study of spatio-temporal distribution of the Minnan intangible culture heritage and the response to geographical environ-ment strong representative and reference value.This study obtained the point of interest(POI)of the Minnan intangible culture heritage data during the period of 2010—2020 from Sina microblog using the crawler technology,including 43 intangible cultural heritage items of 10 categories.And then the spatial analysis methods such as nuclear density estimation,spatial autocorrelation analysis,and the center of mass measurement have been applied to reveal the saptio-temporal pattern in the POI of the Minnan intangible cultural heritages.Finally,the geodetector model are employed to analyze the response of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage to the heterogeneity of multi-dimensional geographical environment at the county scale.The results show that:1)The type structure of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage in China is mainly composed of traditional drama,traditional music,folk customs and traditional skills,forming two north-south banded distribution areas with Fujian Province,Taipei and Kaohsiung as the core.The Minnan intangible cultural heritage shows a spatial distribution network that radiates the whole country,with Fujian province as the core,Beijing,Shanghai,Guangdong,Shenzhen and other mainland provinces and Taiwan as two wings.2)The Minnan intangible cultural heritage in Fujian Province presents the same type structure as that in China.The POI spatial distribution in Fujian Province shows a positive spatial autocorrelation pattern,forming four highdensity areas in the Southern Fujian culture core area of Xiamen City,Zhangzhou City and Quanzhou City and the capital city of Fuzhou Ctiy.Multiple middle-density and low-density areas distribute radiating inland from the core area of Southern Fujian culture.During the study period,the POI number of the Minnan intangible cultural heritages has been increasing,form 27 in 2010 to the highest mumber of 1521 in 2019.However,the POI distribution centers for each study year is always in Nan'an city of Quanzhou City and Xiamen City;3)The driving mechanism of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage on the county scale presents scale effect and multi-dimensional factors.Natural and social environments jointly dominate the spatio-temporal envoltion of the Minnan intangible cultural heritage.The 15 km buffer of the main roads has the largest response intensity to the expansion of the Minnan intangible heritage,followed by the rivers,population density,temperature,slope,and urbanization level.On the other hand,cultural grounding is also an important mechanism driving the distribution and diffusion of the intangible cultural heritage in southern Fujian.