西洋参中氨基酸含量影响因素研究

Influencing Factors of Amino Acid Content in Xiyangshen(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)

目的:测定不同生长年限、不同产地、不同部位西洋参中氨基酸组成及含量,探究影响西洋参氨基酸含量的因素。方法:选用威海不同生长年限西洋参的主根、茎叶、果实,新疆、莱芜、黑龙江、辽宁、加拿大、美国等地4年生西洋参主根以及陕西4年生的主根、须根、侧根、芦头为研究对象,利用微波消解仪和氨基酸分析仪测定氨基酸组成及含量,并通过计算氨基酸比值和氨基酸比值系数进行营养学评价。结果:随着生长年限的增加,西洋参根部多数氨基酸含量呈“V”字型变化,在生长的第3年氨基酸含量达到最低值,之后明显上升;西洋参茎叶中多数氨基酸含量呈逐年递减的趋势;西洋参果实中多数氨基酸含量随生长年限呈现先增长后下降的趋势。威海和辽宁的西洋参总氨基酸含量较高。不同部位西洋参氨基酸含量积累规律为果实>根部>茎叶;西洋参根部多数氨基酸含量的不同部分积累规律为须根>芦头>侧根>主根。结论:生长年限、产地以及部位均可影响西洋参氨基酸含量,为今后西洋参的道地产区种植、采收期选择及各部位的开发利用提供了研究基础。

Objective:To determine the amino acid composition and content of Xiyangshen(Panacis Quinquefolii Radix)with different growth years,various cultivation locations and different parts,and to explore the influencing factors of the amino acid content of Xiyangshen.Methods:The taproots,stems,leaves and fruits of Xiyangshen with different growth years in Weihai,the taproots of Xiyangshen with four years in Xinjiang,Laiwu,Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Canada and the United States,and the taproots,fibrous roots,lateral roots and rhizome of Xiyangshen with four years in Shaanxi were selected as the study objects,and the amino acid composition and content were determined by microwave digestion analyzer and amino acid analyzer.The nutritional evaluation was carried out by calculating amino acid ratio and amino acid ratio coefficient.Results:With the increase of growth years,most amino acid content in the root of Xiyangshen showed a V-shaped change,and the amino acid content reached the lowest value in the third year of growth,and then increased obviously.Most amino acids content in the stems and leaves of Xiyangshen decreased year by year.The content of most amino acids in the fruits of Xiyangshen increased first and then decreased with growth years.The total amino acid content of Xiyangshen in Weihai and Liaoning were higher.The accumulation of amino acid content in different parts of Xiyangshen was fruit>root>stem and leaf.Most accumulation of amino acid content in different parts of Xiyangshen root was fibrous root>rhizome>lateral root>taproot.Conclusion:The amino acid content of Xiyangshen can be influenced by growth years,cultivation locations and parts,which provides the study basis for the cultivation,selection of harvest time and development and utilization of various parts of Xiyangshen in the future.