基因编辑技术在现代医学中的应用与挑战

Application and Challenges of Gene Editing Technology in Modern Medicine

基因编辑技术已经成为现代医学领域中引人注目的工具,其中RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)和CRISPR-Cas9系统是近年来发展最迅速的基因编辑技术。RNAi通过介导特定RNA分子的降解或抑制来实现基因沉默,而CRISPR-Cas9系统可以剪切和编辑特定的DNA序列。RNAi和CRISPR-Cas9系统已经在多个领域展示出了巨大的潜力,同时它们在应用中也面临着一些挑战。本文介绍RNAi和CRISPR-Cas9系统的作用机制,简述了两种基因编辑技术在不同领域的应用,并对其面临的挑战和应用前景进行展望。

Gene editing technology has become an attractive tool in the field of modern medicine,among which RNA interference(RNAi) and CRISPR-Cas9 system are the most rapidly developed gene editing technologies in recent years.RNAi achieves gene silencing by mediating the degradation or inhibition of specific RNA molecules,while the CRISPRCas9 system can cut and edit specific DNA sequences.RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 systems have shown great potential in multiple fields,and they also face some challenges in their applications.This article introduces the mechanism of action of RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9 systems,outlines the applications of the two gene editing technologies in different fields,and makes prospects for the challenges and application prospects they face.