细胞膜修饰的仿生纳米递药系统在肿瘤光动力治疗中的研究进展

Research progress in cell membrane-modified biomimetic nano-drug delivery system in tumor photodynamic therapy

光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)是一种利用光敏剂将氧转化为活性氧并激发多种途径毒杀细胞的肿瘤治疗方法。PDT可借助纳米递药系统突破在肿瘤治疗中的一些局限,但仍不能解决光敏剂生物相容性差的关键问题。将天然细胞膜引入纳米递药系统所构成的细胞膜修饰的仿生纳米递药系统可充分发挥细胞膜低免疫原性的特点,并提高光敏剂的生物相容性、增强PDT的抗肿瘤效果。本综述重点介绍了癌细胞膜、红细胞膜、白细胞膜和杂化细胞膜修饰的纳米递药系统在PDT抗肿瘤中的应用进展,并对不同类型细胞膜修饰的纳米粒用于PDT的优势和不足进行总结,以期为其临床应用提供参考。

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a tumor treatment method that uses photosensitizers to convert oxygen into reactive oxygen species and stimulate multiple pathways to kill cells.PDT can break through some limitations in tumor treatment with the help of nano-drug delivery system,but it still cannot solve the key problem of poor biocompatibility of photosensitizers.The cell membrane-modified biomimetic nano-drug delivery system formed by introducing natural cell membrane into nano-drug delivery system can give full play to the low immunogenicity of the cell membrane,improve the biocompatibility of photosensitizers,and enhance the anti-tumor effect of PDT.This review focuses on the progress of nanoparticles modified with cancer cell membrane,red blood cell membrane,leukocyte membrane and hybrid cell membrane,and their applications in PDT against tumors.The advantages and disadvantages of every type of cell membrane-modified nanoparticles based on PDT have been summarized to provide reference for its clinical application.