革命老区振兴发展实践与基本公共服务短板分析

Practice of the Revitalization and Development of Old Revolutionary Base Areas and the Weaknesses in Public Services

“十三五”时期,革命老区在经济、社会与环境等多方面取得巨大发展成就,但基本公共服务质量依然有待提升。新发展阶段,补齐基本公共服务短板对革命老区振兴发展意义重大。本文探讨了基本公共服务短板与革命老区振兴发展之间的理论联系,并基于2015年和2020年两期县域数据,采用双临界值测量方法测度县域基本公共服务短板。研究结果表明:2020年全国革命老区基本公共服务薄弱县发生率为0.503,基本公共服务短板指数为0.275,绿化水平、燃气供给、数字乡村、用水供给、排水管网和交通路网等6项指标对短板指数的贡献率均超过10%。分区分类来看,两期数据分析均表明:东北地区革命老区县域基本公共服务短板非常严重;乡村振兴重点帮扶县基本公共服务短板问题十分突出;对于政策支持力度较弱、经济发展水平较低、地方政府财政能力较弱的革命老区县,县域基本公共服务短板问题值得关注。因此,应将补齐县域基本公共服务短板作为推动革命老区振兴发展的优先内容,以补短板为导向完善纵向财政转移支付体系,并结合县域实际情况,分指标、分区域、分类型地实施精准治理。

The old revolutionary base areas made remarkable achievements in economic,social,and environmental development during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.However,the quality of public services still needs to be improved.Entering the new stage of development,it is of great significance for the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas to improve the public services.This paper discusses the theoretical relationship between the weaknesses in public services and the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas.Based on the county-level data in 2015 and 2020,this paper uses the Double Critical Value measurement method to measure counties’weaknesses of public services.The study finds that in 2020,the incidence of weak public services in old revolutionary base areas is 0.503,and the index of weakness in public services is 0.275.The contribution rates of six indicators,including greening level,gas supply,digital countryside,water supply,drainage pipe network and transportation network,to the index of weak points are all exceeded 10%.In terms of heterogeneity,both cross-sectional analyses of the two years show that there are more severe weaknesses in public services in the old revolutionary base areas in Northeast China,the key counties for rural revitalization,and the old revolutionary base areas and counties with weaker policy support,lower level of economic development,and weaker local government financial capacity.Therefore,it is important to prioritize enhancing the public services at the county level in promoting the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas.The vertical financial transfer payment system should be improved aiming at addressing the weaknesses in public services,and it is necessary to implement precise governance according to the indexes,regions and types of public services.