近代武汉棉业的贸易与发展(1893—1937)

The Trade and Development of Cotton Industry in Modern Wuhan(1893-1937)

清末民初,随着汉口镇商业贸易的迅速发展,武汉与外界市场的联系越来越紧密,武汉棉业贸易格局在外力冲击下开始重塑。早期工业化的推进使武汉地区棉业从生产到销售环节发生了系列变革,在进行技术改良创新后,棉业在城市与乡村之间逐渐建立起了完整的供求体系、在近代武汉地区呈现了早期工业化之后的本土化升级,由原始的乡村纺纱织布一体变为了城乡市场供需双向驱动的精细分工,即乡村植棉、城市纺纱、乡村织布的专业化分工格局。乡村土布利用机纱改良升级,进一步拓宽了销售市场。在武汉棉业的发展过程中,地理位置、本土商人、原料和技术的革新发挥了巨大作用。近代武汉棉业本土化改良后,还形成了早期的产业链。武汉位于长江内航中心,对于近代市场的内贸起着非常重要的“二传手”作用,是新旧事物的交接与汇合之处。通过对棉纺织这一产业的分析,可以看到在洋货贸易的冲击下,武汉作为一个近代次商业中心和内陆航运枢纽,拥有着十分强大的影响力。

In the late-Qing-early-ROC period,with the rapid development of commercial trade in Hankou Town,Wuhan's connection with the outside world became more and more close,and the Wuhan cotton industry trade pattern began to reshape under the impact of external forces.The advancement of early industrialization caused a series of changes in the cotton industry in Wuhan area from production to sales.After the technological improvement and innovation,the cotton industry has gradually established a complete supply and demand system between cities and rural areas.The cotton industry presented the localization upgrade after early industrialization in the modern Wuhan area.The original integration of rural spinning and weaving has changed to the fine division of labor driven by supply and demand for urban and rural markets,that is,the professional division of labor in rural cotton,urban spinning,and rural weaving.The original rural spinning weaving is integrated into the two-way division of labor and demand of the urban and rural markets,namely the professional division of labor in rural cotton,urban spinning,and rural woven fabrics.Rural homespun fabric used machine yarns to improve and upgrade,further expanding the sales market.In the development of Wuhan cotton industry,the innovation of raw materials and technology,local businessmen,and geographical location have played a huge role.After the improvement of the localization of cotton industry in modern times,early industrial chain relationships also appeared.Wuhan is located in the center of the Yangtze River Interior and plays a very important role in the"second hand"role in the modern market.It is the place where the new and old things are handed down and converged.Under the impact of foreign trade,through the analysis of the cotton textile industry,we can see that Wuhan as a modern commercial center and inland shipping hub has a very strong influence.