“中世纪人文主义”概念史考察

A Historical Survey of the Concept of"Medieval Humanism"

“中世纪人文主义”概念萌发于19世纪末20世纪初的西方学界。20世纪20—50年代,它作为术语不断出现于史家著述中,并在60年代末获得学界普遍认可。其最初内涵是热衷与研究古典文化,后拓展为“基督教人文主义”、“精神人文主义”、美德和“完美之人”的塑造等。70年代,索森提出“经院哲学人文主义”概念,之后的研究大都是对索森的补充、更新和修正。迄今为止,西方学界已就该概念的内涵达成诸多共识,但在它与经院哲学、文艺复兴人文主义的关系方面仍存在分歧。“中世纪人文主义”概念研究史表明,其产生和发展,与近现代西方社会变动、思想文化演变,以及史学专业化等因素密切相关。

The concept of"medieval humanism"'emerged within Western academia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.It continued to appear as a term in historians'writings from the 1920s to the 1950s and received widespread acceptance by the late 1960s.Initially,it referred to a fervent interest in studying classical culture and later expanded to encompass notions such as"Christian humanism","spiritual humanism",the cultivation of virtues,and the ideal of the"perfect man".In the 1970s,R.W.Southern introduced the concept of"scholastic humanism",and subsequent research largely aimed at complementing,updating,and refining this framework.Although Western academia has reached considerable consensus regarding the concept's meaning,disagreements persist regarding its relationship with scholastic philosophy and Renaissance humanism.The history of the study of"medieval humanism"demonstrates its close association with societal transformations,intellectual and cultural developments in modern Western society,as well as the professionalization of historical scholarship.