家庭责任、工作时间与性别收入不平等

Family Responsibility,Work Time,and Gender Income Inequality

本文基于家庭视角探究了性别工作时间不平等的成因及其对性别收入不平等的贡献度。研究发现,家庭责任抑制了女性的劳动供给,扩大了性别工作时间差距;家庭责任主要通过扩大无偿家庭劳务时间、劳动参与率和岗位强度等路径的性别差异影响了性别工作时间差距。进一步地,本文通过分解发现,家务时间影响了劳动参与率,而劳动参与率差异是性别收入差距中禀赋效应的首要因素;以系数效应衡量的性别歧视对在职群体的性别工作时间差距贡献度超过90%。此外,性别工作时间不平等取代了工作时间定价差距,成为了阻碍性别收入不平等收敛的关键因素。因此,缓解因家庭责任产生的工作时间不平等,是未来收敛性别收入不平等、促进共同富裕的重要方向。

From a family perspective,this paper investigates causes behind gender disparity in work hours and explores its contribution to income inequality.The results show that family responsibility reduces women's labor supply and widens gender gap in work hours.Family responsibility expands gender differences in unpaid family labor hours,labor force participation,and work intensity to widen gender gap in work hours.Further,Oaxaca decomposition results show that unpaid family labor affects the labor participation rate,and the difference in labor force participation is the primary factor of endowment effect in gender income gap.Gender discrimination,measured by coefficient effect,explains over 90 percent of the gender gap in work hours among the employed.Meanwhile,JMP decomposition results show that gender gap in work hours have replaced gender gap in work pricing as the main factor behind gender income inequality.Therefore,it is believed that reducing work hour inequality due to family responsibility is an important way to reduce gender income inequality.