女性劳动力转移:要素替代抑或农业生产退出

Female Labor Transfer:Factor Substitution or Withdrawal from Agricultural Production

农村女性是维持家庭日常生活和农业生产的重要力量,女性劳动力的转移更能促进农户农地流转和退出农业生产。本文基于2014年和2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,研究了女性劳动力转移对家庭农业生产决策的影响。研究发现,女性劳动力转移后,家庭农业生产存在两种应对策略:一是调整要素投入结构实现要素替代;二是退出农业生产。家庭选择要素替代还是退出农业生产,受到女性转移距离和要素替代成本的影响。女性转移距离越远、要素替代成本越高,农户退出农业生产、农地流转的概率越大。对于未退出农业生产的农户,农业机械化是其应对劳动力禀赋变化的主要策略和实现农业增长潜在的技术路径。因此,要正确认识农村劳动力转移的影响,据此引导农户做出农地流转决策,同时要推进土地规模和服务规模“双规模”经营降低生产成本,促进农户节本增效。

Rural women play important roles in managing household living and agricultural production,and their migration to cities is more likely to cause farmland transfer and withdrawal from agricultural production among rural households.Using data from the 2014 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies,the study analyzes the impact of female labor transfer on production decisions of rural households.The result suggests that two coping strategies are chosen for household agricultural production after female labor migration:one is to adjust factor input structure for factor substitution;the other is to withdraw from agricultural production completely.Which strategy to choose is determined by the spatial distance of labor transfers and the cost of factor substitution.The greater the distance of labor transfer and the higher the factor substitution cost,the more likely households will leave agricultural production.For households keeping agricultural production,agricultural mechanization is the main strategy with changing labor endowments and a potential technological path for agricultural growth.Therefore,it is very important to adequately understand the impact of rural labor transfer and help rural households make proper decisions on agricultural land transfer accordingly.At the same time,it is necessary to promote the"double scale"operation of land scale and service scale to reduce production costs.