机载激光测深数据获取及处理技术现状

Current status of the acquisition and processing of airborne laser sounding data

水下地形测量是测绘科学的重要分支,与人类开展海洋、湖泊等作业密切相关。在探测浅水区水下地形时,传统声学方法面临船体搁浅风险,被动光学方式则存在测量精度低等缺陷。机载激光测深技术的出现为解决浅水水深测量难题提供了新的手段,其在近岸区域应用可填补浅水区水下地形数据空白。文章首先简要介绍了机载激光测深系统的组成和原理;其次,对激光测深数据的获取做了说明,并重点讨论了机载激光测深数据处理的关键技术,包括波形数据处理、误差修正和点云数据处理等;最后,总结了机载激光测深存在的技术难点及未来的发展趋势。

As an essential branch of surveying and mapping science,underwater topographic surveys are closely related to human operations in oceans and lakes.For underwater topography detection in shallow-water areas,conventional acoustic methods face the hull stranding risk,and passive optical methods have low survey accuracy.The airborne laser sounding is a novel means for bathymetric surveys in shallow-water areas,and its application in offshore areas can fill the gap of underwater topography data in shallow-water areas.This study presents a brief introduction to the composition and principle of the airborne laser sounding system,followed by a description of laser sounding data acquisition.Furthermore,this study highlights the critical processing technologies for airborne laser sounding data,including waveform data processing,error correction,and point cloud data processing.Finally,this study summarizes the technical difficulties and developmental trends of airborne laser sounding.