洞庭湖区生态服务-经济发展时空协调分析与优化

Analysis and optimization of the spatio-temporal coordination between the ecological services and economic development in the Dongting Lake area

经济发展过程中,常伴随出现生态环境质量下降和服务能力失调等问题。理清生态与经济两者之间的关系、明确两者的空间差异,是实现区域可持续发展的前提。该文以2000年、2010年和2020年洞庭湖区3期遥感影像及社会经济数据为基础,采用价值当量法计算生态系统服务价值,并测算湖区内24个区县单元生态系统服务与经济的协调性、一致性指数,综合探讨生态服务与经济的变化关系及空间聚集特征,进而为区域生态服务与经济发展协调平衡提出针对性的优化措施。结果表明:①湖区生态系统服务价值总量上由2000年的2615.41亿元下降至2020年的2556.46亿元,空间分布上呈中部高、外围山体次之、交界丘陵平原最低的圈层式格局;②单项生态服务价值中,水文调节的贡献率最高,维持养分循环的贡献率较低,研究期内,除生物多样性和美学景观外其他类型生态服务价值均出现不同程度的减少,其中水文调节的减少量最高,占总减少量的70%以上;③从生态服务与经济发展的时空变化情况来看,湖区内部生态差距较为平稳,经济差距持续拉大,各区县生态经济协调度良好,但生态经济一致性水平较低,生态与经济空间聚集存在明显差异,生态聚集大于经济聚集的区域主要位于洞庭湖及沿岸;④探究生态服务价值空间差异,发现人为扰动、高程、坡度、温度和降水等是重要驱动因子。因此,为促进洞庭湖区生态与经济和谐发展,削弱生态与经济差距,应在严格保护自然基底、加强人为引导利用、促进生态资源向经济产品转化等方面提出可操作性的措施。

Economic development is frequently accompanied by the decreased quality and dysfunctional service capacity of the ecological environment.Clarifying the relationship and spatial differences between ecology and economy is a prerequisite for sustainable regional development.Based on the remote sensing images and socio-economic data of the Dongting Lake area in 2000,2010,and 2020,this study calculated the ecosystem service values using the value equivalent method.Furthermore,it determined the coordination and consistency indices of ecosystem services and economy in 24 districts and counties in the Dongting Lake area.Then,this study comprehensively explored the relationship between ecological services and the economy,as well as their spatial aggregation,proposing targeted optimization measures for coordinating and balancing regional ecological services and economic development.The results are as follows:①The total ecosystem service value of the Dongting Lake area decreased from^(2)61.541 billion yuan in 2000 to 255.646 billion yuan in 2020.The spatial distribution of ecosystem service values presented a circular layer pattern,with high values occurring in the center,followed by the peripheral mountains,while the lowest values present in adjacent hills and plains.②As for individual ecological service values,hydrological regulation contributed the most significantly,while the nutrient cycle maintenance contributed slightly.Additionally,the values of ecological services,except for biodiversity and aesthetic landscape,decreased to varying degrees during the study period.Among them,the hydrological regulation presented the most significant reduction in the ecological service values,accounting for more than 70%of the total reduction.③Regarding the spatio-temporal variations in the ecological services and economic development,the Dongting Lake area showed relatively stable ecological differences and expanded economic gaps.Districts and counties in the Dongting Lake area showed high coordination degrees but low consistency levels between ecology and economy.The ecological and economic spatial aggregations exhibited significant differences,with dominant ecological aggregation zones mainly distributed within and along Dongting Lake.④The critical driving factors in the spatial differences in ecological service values include human disturbance,elevation,slope,temperature,and precipitation.Therefore,to promote the harmonious development of ecology and economy in the Dongting Lake area and weaken the gap between both,it is necessary to propose feasible measures for strictly protecting the natural basement,strengthening human-guided utilization,and promoting the transformation from ecological resources into economic products.