区块链法律治理的问题、图式及路径

Problems,Schemas and Paths of Blockchain Legal Governance

囿于区块链去中心化特征与传统法律治理模式相冲突这种认知,以技术自律代替法律和法律融入技术治理这两种区块链法律治理典型思路均忽视了法的自主性在技术法律治理问题上的重要性。区块链技术的本质是通过记账在虚拟数字世界建立中心化的数据“时间表”,将数据展开为“记账之前”和“记账之后”两种时态类型;而法律系统兼具运作封闭性和认知开放性,其相对于全社会的特有功能是在时间向度上稳定规范性期望,该功能与区块链技术本质相互呼应。现代社会的复杂性急剧提升,出现了时间加速现象。与技术发展有关的认知性期望进路和与法律有关的规范性期望进路对复杂性化约来说同样重要。在承认科学系统与法律系统相互独立的前提下,区块链的法律治理通过建立系统间的共时性结构耦合机制才能实现。沿着区块链展开数据时态的可逆/不可逆以及通过/面向区块链的法律治理这两个方向可以构筑区块链法律治理的基本图式。在此基础上,利用区块链技术辅助法律系统运作以及结合区块链技术原理正确解释法律纲要成为区块链法律治理的基本路径。

Due to the belief that the decentralization of the blockchain conflicts with the traditional legal governance model,the current legal governance of the blockchain is represented by technological self-discipline instead of law and integration of law into technical governance,both of which ignore the importance of the autonomy of law.The essence of blockchain technology is to establish a centralized data“schedule”in the virtual digital world through distributed ledger that distinguish data into two types:“before ledgering”and“after ledgering”.The legal system is both operationally closed and cognitively open,and its unique function relative to the whole society is to stabilize normative expectations in the time dimension,which echoes the essence of blockchain technology.The complexity of modern society has increased rapidly,and the phenomenon of time acceleration has appeared.The cognitive expectation approach related to technological development cannot replace the important position of the normative expectation approach in the complexity reduction mechanism.On the premise of acknowledging that the scientific system and the legal system are independent of each other,the legal governance of the blockchain is realized by establishing a synchronic structural coupling mechanism between the systems.Whether the data temporality unfolded along the blockchain is reversible and the legal regulation through or oriented to the blockchain can construct the basic schema of the blockchain rule of law.On this basis,the basic approaches of blockchain legal governance are to use blockchain technology to assist the operation of the legal system and to correctly interpret the legal regulations in combination with the principles of blockchain technology.