蔡元培与近现代中国哲学史书写:以对“系统”的建构为中心

CAI Yuan-pei and Writing of History of Modern Chinese Philosophy:Focusing on the Construction of System

通过对蔡元培所著《中国伦理学史》(1910年)及其相关文献的深入细致考察,可以发现蔡元培十分重视对传统伦理思想之“系统”的寻绎与建构。他对“系统”的寻绎与建构的实践早于胡适、冯友兰的中国哲学史书写。蔡元培建构的新“系统”主要体现为:构建起一个包括“先秦创始时代”“汉唐继承时代”“宋明理学时代”“清代”四大阶段的新分期法;明确指出二程是中国伦理思想发展史上的关键环节,强调程颢、程颐二人的思想差别造成了后世朱学、陆学二分之大势。这些成果使蔡著《中国伦理学史》在中国哲学史书写的现代化进程中具有先驱性意义和承前启后的地位。《中国伦理学史》是在融会贯通中国古代思想、转化利用德日等同时代国际学术界新成果的基础上形成的名著,作者蔡元培充分发挥其主体性,取舍有度,融贯创新,堪称典范。

After conducting an in-depth and comprehensive research study of CAI Yuan-pei's book History of Chinese Ethics(1910)and other his articles and literature,CAI Yuan-pei paid very much attention to establishing a new framework for ethics,his process and practice of constructing ethics in China was much earlier than the works done by Hu Shi and FENG You-lan on the history of Chinese philosophy.CAI Yuan-pei's established new system mainly reflected in providing a new staging method,which divides the process of constructing ethics in China into four stages:Pre-Qin establishment,the heritage of the Han and Tang,the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties,then Qing dynasty.He clearly pointed out that Cheng Brothers are a key link in the history of the development of Chinese ethical thoughts and emphasized the difference in thoughts between the two brothers caused the general trend of Zhu and Lu's Schools in later generations.History of Chinese Ethics is a masterpiece formed on mastering Chinese thoughts,transforming,and utilizing new achievements in contemporary international academic circles such as Germany and Japan.CAI Yuan-pei,as the author of the book,gave full play to his subjectivity,welljustified choices,and innovated coherently,which can be called a model of all.