默认意义的历时演变:语用-认知融合视角

Diachronic Change of Default Meaning:An Integrative Perspective of Pragmatics and Cognition

默认意义是当今后格赖斯语用学研究的热点。本研究尝试基于历史语用学和认知语法的最新成果提出一个语用-认知融合模式,并在此基础上借助历时语料库探索默认意义的演变动因和规律。默认意义的历时演变主要由转喻、隐喻和隐转喻三种认知动因促成;它从例型意义经固化演变而来,然后又经规约化最终演变为新词义。本研究打破了(后)格赖斯语用学基于语用原则的推导模式的传统,证明了不同的意义很难严格区分,默认意义的生成是从个体语境化向集体规约化的历时演变过程。

Default meaning is the research focus in post-Gricean pragmatics.Based on historical pragmatics and cognitive grammar,this paper attempts to provide an integrative model of pragmatics and cognition for the exploration of cognitive motivations and diachronic change of default meaning.Metonymy,metaphor and metaphtonymy contribute to diachronic change of default meaning.Default meaning changes from utterance-token meaning through entrenchment,and finally changes into a new word meaning through conventionalization.Breaking the(post-)Gricean tradition of the principle-based inferential model,this study proves that different types of meaing cannot be strictly divided,and the generation of default meaning is a process of diachronic change from individual contextualization to collective conventionalization.