仁政与王道:孟子的政治哲学初探

Benevolent Governance and Kingcraft:A Preliminary Study of Mencius’Political Philosophy

作为中国历史上最重要的思想家之一,孟子被历代文人学子尊为亚圣,他的思想对后世产生了重大影响。这种影响并不仅仅限于儒家,而是通过儒家,通过历代政府及其身后的文人学子,使社会生活的各个层面都发生了变化。他的仁政与王道思想,是两千多年来一面高扬的民本主义旗帜,是儒家政治哲学的基本标识。孟子的政治哲学主要有三方面主张:一是力倡制民之产,二是力主息不义之战,三是致力于“格君心之非”。孟子的仁政与王道思想对当今之世许多疑难课题的解决具有重要的借鉴意义。

As one of the most important thinkers in Chinese history,Mencius was honored as the“second sage”(second to Confucius)by literati and scholars of all dynasties,and his thoughts had a great influence on later generations.This influence is not merely on Confucianism,but through Confucianism and the governments of all dynasties with their literati and scholars,has changed all aspects of social life.In particular,his idea of benevolent governance and kingcraft has been a banner of people-oriented doctrine held high for more than two thousand years,constituting the basic symbol of Confucian political philosophy.Mencius’political philosophy has three main propositions:one is to vigorously advocate accumulating people’s property,one is to vigorously advocate avoiding injustice war,and another is to“check the wrong of the emperor’s ideas.”To many subjects in the modern word,Mencius’thought of benevolent governance and kingcraft has great reference significance.