从原型范畴视角看河北孟村方言量词“棵”与名词的搭配

On the Collocation of Quantifier“Ke”and Nouns in Mengcun Dialect from the Perspective of Prototype Category

从认知语言学角度来说,量词与名词的搭配实质上是量词对名词代表的概念的范畴化。相比于普通话,河北孟村方言的量词“棵”所修饰的名词范围更广泛,除植物(蔬菜、庄稼、花草、树木)外,还可以修饰“植物果实”“身体器官毛发”“日用物品”“食物”等。“棵”范畴化的原型成员具有[+细长条][+植物][+植株]三个语义特征,非原型成员具有其中的一个或几个语义特征。从原型成员到非原型成员,“棵”通过隐喻、转喻等方式来实现范畴的扩张。

From the perspective of cognitive linguistics,the collocation of quantifiers and nouns is essentially a categorization of the concepts represented by nouns by quantifiers.Compared with mandarin,“Ke,”the quantifier in Mengcun dialect modifies a wider range of nouns.Besides plants(including vegetables,crops,flowers and trees),it can also modify fruits,body parts such as hair,daily necessities,food and so on.Members of“Ke”category have three semantic features:[+strip][+plant][+vegetable].Non-prototype members have one or more of these semantic features.From prototype members to non-prototype members,the category of“Ke”can be expanded by means of metaphor and metonymy.