西周的君子之学:道艺与德行

The Art and Virtue in the Gentleman Education of Western Zhou Dynasty

西周金文和先秦礼书保存了西周教育在阶段、科目、内容等方面的文献。西周小学和大学所习科目和内容各有次第。行冠礼是西周教育的重要环节,展示了君子之学的内容和重要功能。容体正、颜色齐和辞令顺贯穿冠礼始终,是冠礼礼仪的三个重要内容,这三事与君子大学阶段的修习科目相适应。这三事属于君子之学的道艺层面,对礼仪礼制义理的体认属于君子之学的德行层面。道艺和德行贯穿于西周教育的始终,它们共同构成了君子之学的核心内容。

The documents of education in Western ZhouDynasty,covering stage,subject and content,are recorded in the inscriptions on Western Zhou bronze objects and Pre-Qin ritual books.The subjects and contents differ from basic education and higher education during Western Zhou Dynasty.Guanli,namely,a crown ceremony,is an important part of Western Zhou education,which shows the content and important function of gentleman education.Proper appearance,uniform color and smooth speech are the three key contents of the ceremony.These three requirements are suitable for the subjects of the gentleman higher education,and they belong to the art of gentleman education.The understanding of the etiquette and propriety,however,belongs to the virtue of the gentleman education.Art and virtue,which run through the education of the Western Zhou Dynasty,together constitute the core content of the gentleman education.