诉源治理的全球视野:比较经验与中国反思

Comparative Experiences and Lessons for China in Litigation Source Governance from a Global Perspective

诉源治理是推动社会治理创新的一项重要举措,代表着社会矛盾纠纷化解法治化的一种有益尝试,也是“非诉讼纠纷解决机制挺在前面”的一种制度性努力。文章运用比较历史分析,通过对世界替代性纠纷解决机制(ADR)发展线索的考察,试图拓展我国诉源治理发展动因的世界视野。研究发现,不同的历史阶段ADR的发展面向与运行特征各异,当前ADR体系叠合了不同历史时期社会发展和变革的经验。世界ADR进程轨迹也给我国诉源治理提供了发展参照:即制度定位和发展向度趋向复合,治理方式和实现手段趋向多样,制度建构和政策旨向趋向规范,制度借鉴和功能移植具有条件性,国家治理和社会发展趋向共治。诉源治理不仅延续着我国的政法传统,也回应参照着世界ADR的发展潮流。

A crucial step in advancing social governance innovation is litigation source governance,which is an effective effort to settle social disagreements and disputes according to the law.Additionally,a deliberate effort is being made to prioritize“non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms.”In order to extend the global perspective on the development motivation of litigation source governance in China,this paper applies comparative historical analysis and explores the development of Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR)internationally.The study shows that different historical eras have varied growth orientations and operational features for ADR,and that the current ADR system incorporates social development and transformation experiences from diverse historical eras.China's litigation source governance can also learn from the global trajectory of ADR development,which shows that institutional positioning and development direction tend to be composite,governance methods and implementation means tend to be varied,institutional construction and policy objectives tend to be standardized,institutional learning and functional transplantation are conditional,and national governance and social development tend to be co-governance.Litigation source governance reacts to and makes reference to the global development patterns of ADR in addition to carrying on China's political and legal traditions.