塑料齿轮的失效形式及影响因素

Failure Modes and Influencing Factors of Plastic Gear

随着新材料的不断发展,塑料齿轮的整体使用性能得到提高,在保证传动稳定性的同时,实现了轻量化发展。与金属齿轮相比,塑料齿轮更容易发生失效,其失效形式包括齿面划痕、齿面点蚀、塑性变形、齿熔化、齿根裂纹和齿根断裂等,影响了塑料齿轮在运行的过程中的传动稳定性及使用寿命。通过查阅相关文献,阐述了相关塑料齿轮在负载、转速、温度、润滑、齿轮形貌和材料吸水性等因素影响下的主要失效形式及产生原因,重点归纳总结了塑料齿轮啮合过程中产生的弯曲应力、齿面热集聚、应变速率和聚合物分子链变化等,可为新型塑料齿轮的设计开发和加工制造提供参考。

With the continuous development of new materials,the overall performance of plastic gears has been continuously improved,and lightweight development has been achieved while ensuring transmission stability.Compared with metal gears,plastic gears are more prone to failure.Its failure modes include tooth surface scratches,tooth surface pitting,plastic deformation,tooth melting,tooth root cracks and tooth root fractures,etc.,which affect the operation of plastic gears.Transmission stability and service life in the process.By consulting relevant literature,the article expounds the main failure forms and causes of related plastic gears under the influence of load,speed,temperature,lubrication,gear morphology and material water absorption,and especially summarizes the plastic gear meshing process.The bending stress,heat accumulation on the tooth surface,strain rate and polymer molecular chain changes can provide a reference for the design,development and processing of new plastic gears.