摘要
在中国民法的法典化过程中,动产与权利担保制度经历了功能化改革。就保理而言,此次改革的结果是保理合同作为一项有名合同被纳入民法典。保理必然涉及债权让与,故债权让与一般规范可在欠缺特别规定时予以适用。根据现行中国法,保理能以将有应收账款为客体,且禁止让与约款不能对抗保理人。为解决保理欺诈现象,保理人在应收账款虚构的情形中得到妥善保护。保理可被登记于动产和权利担保统一公示系统。同一应收账款被多次处分,应适用“登记最优,通知次优,比例分配”规则。无追索权保理中的保理人负担坏账风险。有追索权保理的实现方式有三,包括清偿主债务、回购应收账款、受领应收账款。原则上,债务人不应因保理而受不利影响。中国保理法在完备性和融贯性方面仍存在完善空间。
In the codification of Chinese civil law,a functional reform was implemented for secured transactions of movables.For factoring,the result of this reform is the inclusion of the factoring contract as a typical contract in the Civil Code.Factoring involves necessarily an assignment of receivables,and general provisions concerning the assignment of claims are applicable where special rules are absent.Under contemporary Chinese law,factoring can take future receivables as its object,and the anti-assignment clause is ineff ective against the factor.To tackle the problem of fraudulence,the factor is well protected against the fabrication of receivables.Factoring can be registered in the uniff ed register for secured transitions in movables.Where there are conff icting disposals of the same receivable,the rule of‘registration ff rst,notiff cation second,pro rata distribution third’will apply.In non-recourse factorings,the factor assumes the risk of bad debts.For the factor with a right of recourse,there are three means of enforcement:repayment,repurchase,and collection of the receivables.In principle,the debtor is not adversely aff ected by factoring.Chinese factoring law needs to be further improved.
作者
张静
Zhang Jing(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Law and Economics)
