道路交通事故双重预防机理研究

Research on Dual Prevention Mechanism of Road Traffic Accidents

针对安全科学中事故致因和风险管理理论互相独立,安全工作中对于事故、事故原因、危险、风险、危险源、风险源、隐患的含义和关系认识不一致的问题,本文将双重预防机制的理念运用到道路交通安全领域。通过词义解析和相关标准的分析,归纳上述概念的内涵,辨析隐患的本质,提出基于安全约束的事故致因模型来阐述道路交通事故双重预防机理。结果表明:危险是客观状态,风险是主观评价,隐患的定义为安全约束的失效,隐患的本质为系统所产生的意外的、不合人意的涌现;风险管理本质上是假设事故发生的情形并设计安全约束,隐患排查是对风险管理的完善;道路交通事故双重预防机理可以将事故致因和风险管理理论进行结合。

The purpose of this paper is to advance the application of the concept of dual prevention mechanism,and used in the field of road traffic safety.Aiming at the independence of accident cause and risk management theory in safety science,for the problem of inconsistent understanding of accident,accident cause,danger,risk,hazard,risk source and hidden danger in safety work.Through the analysis of dictionaries and related standards,the connotation of the above concepts are summarized,the nature of hidden danger is identified.According to the proposed accident causation model based on safety constraints,the dual prevention mechanism of road traffic accidents is explained.The results show that:danger is an objective state,risk is a subjective evaluation,the definition of hidden danger is the invalid of safety constraints,the essence of hidden danger is the unexpected and unsatisfactory emergence of the system;Risk management is essentially the situation where an accident occurs and design safety constraints,hidden dangers investigation is the improvement of risk management;Road traffic accident dual prevention mechanism can combine accident causes and risk management theory.