中国方案:欧盟对数字平台“守门人”监管革新的启示

Chinese Solution:Implications of the EU Innovative Regulation of Digital Platform“Gatekeepers”

互联网平台在全球数字经济中的重要性不言而喻,但少数超级平台基于强双边连接性与强数据垄断性的特点,很容易滥用市场权力,成为设置市场进入壁垒的数字平台“守门人”,从而损害消费者权益与公平竞争的市场环境。作为一部专门针对互联网平台的行业立法,欧盟出台的《数字市场法》突破了传统竞争法下的监管框架,其中加强事前监管、对“守门人”施加数据可携带以及互操作义务等监管革新,在一定意义上体现了国际互联网平台监管新趋势。我国未来可适当借鉴欧盟立法经验,加强对互联网平台的事前监管及分类监管,并进一步探索平台数据可携带以及互操作的本土进路。

The importance of Internet platforms in the global digital economy is self-evident.However,a few super platforms,characteristic of strong bilateral connectivity and data monopoly,are likely to abuse market power and become digital platform“gatekeepers”setting barriers to market entry,thus damaging both the rights and interests of consumers and the market environment for fair competition.As an industry legislation made specifically to regulate Internet platforms,the EU Digital Markets Act breaks away from the regulatory framework of the traditional competition law.Some of its regulatory innovations,such as strengthening ex-ante regulation,imposing data portability and interoperability obligations on“gatekeepers”,have reflected the new trend of Internet platform regulation.In the future,China can appropriately use the legislative experience of EU for reference,implement classified supervision on Internet platforms,strengthen ex-ante regulation,and explore local approaches to the portability and interoperability of platform data.