货运驾驶员路怒情绪对愤怒表达行为的影响研究

Influence of road rage on anger expression among freight drivers

为探究货运驾驶员驾驶愤怒的影响机理,本文基于货车驾驶特征,改良设计了货运驾驶员版的驾驶愤怒量表和表达量表,并通过题项分析、信效度分析及验证性因素分析完成量表的修订工作,在此基础上归纳了货运驾驶员的驾驶愤怒特征,构建了路怒诱因对货运驾驶员愤怒表达影响的结构方程模型。结果表明:货运驾驶员的愤怒水平总体低于国外驾驶群体,高于公交驾驶员,违规行驶是最容易诱发货运驾驶员愤怒的情况(得分3.25),驾驶时长与货运驾驶员的驾驶愤怒及表达得分显著正相关;交通违规频率高及有过事故经历的货运驾驶员愤怒水平更高,更容易表达愤怒;驾驶愤怒可解释愤怒表达36%的方差,是货运驾驶员愤怒驾驶行为的关键预测指标,其中违规行驶、无礼行为和缓慢驾驶三种路怒诱因对货运驾驶员的驾驶愤怒表达均呈现显著正向影响,标准化影响效应分别为0.201、0.254及0.159,他人的无礼行为是货运驾驶员愤怒表达的首要触发因素。本研究提供了一种度量货运驾驶员愤怒水平的有效工具,并为道路运输管理部门干预货运驾驶员的路怒及愤怒驾驶提供了理论基础。

To investigate the impact of driving anger among freight drivers,this study designed and improved the driving anger scale and expression scale for freight drivers based on the characteristics of truck driving.The scale was revised through item analysis,reliability and validity analysis,and confirmatory factor analysis.Accordingly,the driving anger characteristics of freight drivers were summarized and a structural equation model was constructed to explore the impact of road rage on the expression of anger among freight drivers.The results reveal that the anger level of truck drivers is generally lower than that of foreign drivers and higher than that of domestic bus drivers.Illegal driving was the most likely situationto cause truck drivers’anger.The driving duration was significantly positively correlated with the driving anger and expression scores of freight drivers.Freight drivers with a high frequency of traffic violations and experience of accidents have a higher level of anger and are more likely to express anger.Driving anger can explain the variance of 36%of anger expression,and is a key predictor of angry driving behavior of freight drivers.Among the different factors of road anger,illegal driving,discourtesy,and slow driving significantly positively impact the driving anger expression of freight drivers,and the standardized impact effects are 0.201,0.254,and 0.159 respectively.The discourtesy of others is an important trigger for anger expression among freight drivers.This study provides an effective tool to measure the anger level of freight drivers,and offers a theoretical basis for the road transport management department to intervene in the road rage and angry driving of freight drivers.