连云港徐圩新区鸟类分布与群落多样性研究

Study on distribution and community diversity of birds in Xuwei New District,Lianyungang City

鸟类作为生态环境质量的指示物种,在维持区域生态平衡、物种多样性方面发挥着重要作用。连云港徐圩新区在2022年鸟类资源的调查中共记录鸟16目38科120种,雀形目和鸻形目鸟类占有绝对优势,各占总种数的34.17%。列入国家重点保护野生动物名录的鸟类有13种,列入世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录(IUCN红色名录)“受威胁”级别和濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES附录)的鸟类分别为4种和3种。通过计算多样性指数,徐圩新区鸟类辛普森指数为0.807,香农-维纳指数为2.296,Pielou均匀度指数为0.480。在鸟类主要分布的各区域中,物种丰富度位居前3的区域为香河湖>东香湖>生态岸线,辛普森指数和香农-维纳指数位居前3的区域为香河湖>云湖>陬山湖,Pielou均匀度指数位居前3的区域为香河湖>云湖>埒子河口,埒子河口和生态岸线区域鸟类群落相似性系数相对较高,其余各区域鸟类群落相似性均为极不相似。基于调查,对鸟类保护成效、栖息生境及受威胁因素展开讨论,以期为当地鸟类多样性保护及生态可持续发展提供基础数据和科学依据。

As the indicative species for the quality of ecological environment,birds play an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and species diversity.In 2022,a total of 120 species of birds were recorded in Xuwei New District,belonging to 38 families of 16 orders.Passeriformes and Charadriiformes occupied the largest number of species,both accounting for 34.17%.Among them,13 species of birds have been listed as State Protected Animals,4 species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and 3 species in CITES Appendix.For the diversity index of birds,Simpson index was calculated as 0.807,Shannon-Wiener index as 2.296,Pielou index as 0.480.For the main distribution areas,top 3 species richness was arranged in order as Xianghe Lake>Dongxiang Lake>Ecological shore line,and Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index as Xianghe Lake>Yun Lake>Zhoushan Lake,Pielou index as Xianghe Lake>Yun Lake>Liezi estuary.Similarity coefficients of bird community in Liezi estuary and ecological shore line were relatively high while those in the remaining areas were extremely different.Based on the results of the survey,the bird protection effectiveness,habitats and threats were discussed in order to provide basic data and scientific basis for local bird diversity protection and ecological sustainable development.