工业机器人进口与企业出口技术复杂度

Industrial Robot Imports and Firm Export Sophistication

本文基于2000~2013年中国工业企业数据库和海关数据库企业层面的合并数据,研究了工业机器人进口对企业出口技术复杂度的影响。研究发现,工业机器人进口显著提高中国企业出口技术复杂度。这一结论在使用严口径和宽口径度量工业机器人进口、控制时变省份特征和行业特征以及考虑极端值后依然成立;使用滞后项和进口关税分别作为工具变量以及利用首次进口工业机器人构建多期DID模型检验内生性后,结论仍然稳健。异质性分析表明,工业机器人进口的影响主要体现在非国有企业,同时存在于大企业和中小企业、资本密集型和劳动密集型行业,并且对大企业和劳动密集型行业的影响更大。提高企业生产率和促进研发创新是工业机器人进口促进企业出口技术复杂度的机制。本文对推动外贸高质量发展具有启示意义,一方面应鼓励高端工业机器人进口,另一方面应加大工业机器人国内研发投入和完善配套措施。

Based on the combined data of China’s industrial enterprise database and customs database from 2000 to 2013,this paper studies the impact of imported industrial robots on firm export sophistication.The study finds that the import of industrial robots has significantly increased the export sophistication of Chinese enterprises.This conclusion holds even after using strict-and wide-caliber measurements of robot imports,controlling for time-varying province and industry characteristics,and considering extreme values.The conclusion remains robust after using the lag term and import tariff as instrumental variables and building a multi-period DID model with the first import of industrial robots as exogenous shock to test for endogeneity.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of industrial robot imports is mainly reflected in non-state-owned enterprises,and exists in both large-scale and small-scale enterprises,capital-intensive and labor-intensive industries,and has a greater impact on large enterprises and labor-intensive industries.Improving the productivity of enterprises and promoting R&D innovation is the mechanism by which the import of industrial robots promotes the export sophistication of enterprises.This paper has implications for promoting the high-quality development of foreign trade.On the one hand,the import of high-end industrial robots should be encouraged,and on the other,the domestic R&D investment of industrial robots and the improvement of supporting measures should be inc reased.