黄土高原苹果园中间砧不同露地高度对蜜脆品种生长结果及根系的影响

Effect of Different Length Inter-rootstock above Soil Surface on Growth,Fruiting and Root Distribution of Honeycrisp Apple on the Loess Plateau Orchard

【目的】筛选陕西黄土高原旱地苹果园中间砧的适宜露地高度,为苹果树矮砧旱作栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】以5年生苹果品种‘蜜脆’为试材,研究了其嫁接在M26中间砧中不同露地高度(露地0~1、4~6、9~11、14~16 cm以及20 cm以上)的生长、结果及其根系分布影响。【结果】蜜脆在M26中间砧露出高度0~1 cm处理下,株高、干周、冠幅、百叶重和1年生枝生长量、单果质量、结果数量、单株产量比露地20 cm处理都高,在0~20 cm土层中,中间砧露出高度0~1 cm处理下的果树直径<2 mm的细根最多。【结论】建议在黄土高原旱地苹果园对生长势相对弱的品种在M26中间砧上定植时,开始实施起垄栽培,中间砧基本全埋土,露出嫁接口,以促进苗木的前期生长与早期结果。

【Objective】The suitable open field height of interstock in dryland apple orchard in Shaanxi Loess Plateau was screened to provide technical support for dryland cultivation of apple dwarf rootstock.【Methods】The growth,fruit and root distribution of five-year-old apple cultivar‘Honeycrisp’grafted in M26 interstock were studied under different outcrop heights(outcrop heights 0~1,4~6,9~11,14~16 cm and over 20 cm).【Results】The plant height,stem circumference,crown width,louver weight,annual branch growth,single fruit weight,fruit number and plant yield of M26 were all higher under the treatment of 0~1 cm of middle anvil outcropping,than under the treatment of 20 cm.In the 0~20 cm soil layer,the fruit trees with<2 mm diameter had the most fine roots under the treatment of 0~1 cm of middle anvil outcropping.【Conclusion】It is suggested that ridge cultivation should be implemented when the relatively weak growing varieties in dryland apple orchards on the Loess Plateau are planted on M26 interstock,and the interstock is basically completely buried and the grafting opening is exposed,so as to promote the early growth and early fruit of the seedlings.