桃需冷量与始花期相关性分析及南京地区需冷量预估模型初建

Correlation Analysis between the Chilling Requirement and First Blooming Date of Peach and Model Established of Chilling Requirement Estimation

【目的】为了明确桃花芽需冷量高低与花期物候早晚之间的关系,在中国南京地区建立通过花期物候的调查推断需冷量范围的模型。【方法】于2018—2019、2019—2020、2021—2022年对国家果树种质南京桃资源圃桃种质进行花芽需冷量估算(基于0~7.2℃模型)、始花期调查和需冷量积累起始日期至始花期天数(记为A值)计算;分析花芽需冷量高低和始花期早晚的相关性;以‘南山甜桃’的需冷量和始花期数据为对照标准,拟合桃种质花芽需冷量与A值的关系模型,并最终优化建立通过A值推断桃种质花芽需冷量范围的模型;利用文献已报道的有需冷量数据(基于0~7.2℃模型估算)、且在南京桃资源圃有始花期调查数据的桃种质,对通过A值推断需冷量范围的模型进行验证。【结果】桃花芽需冷量与A值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。建立的模型为:以‘南山甜桃’为标准品种,其在南京地区任一调查年份需冷量积累起始日期至始花期天数A值记为A南山’;桃种质A≤A南山’+(-5~7)d时,需冷量<400 h,桃种质A=A南山’+8~12 d时,400 h≤需冷量<600 h,桃种质A≥A南山’+13 d时,需冷量≥600 h。利用20份种质进行模型验证,19份种质通过模型推断所得需冷量范围与文献报道的需冷量基本吻合,吻合率高达95%。【结论】桃花芽需冷量与始花期呈极显著正相关;建立了南京地区通过始花期推断需冷量范围的模型,并初步验证有效。

【Objective】In order to clarify the relationship between high and low chilling requirement(CR)of peach buds and flowering phenology,a model to infer the range of CR was developed from the investigation of flowering phenology in Nanjing,China.【Methods】In the three years of 2018—2019,2019—2020 and 2021—2022,the flower buds CR(based on the 0~7.2℃model)were estimated,the first blooming date were investigated and were calculated the number of days from the start date of chilling requirement accumulation to the first blooming date(recorded as A value)for peach germplasm in Nanjing Peach Nursery of National Resource Nursery;the correlation were analyzed between the high and low flower buds CR and the first blooming date;the model of the relationship were used between the chilling requirement of peach germplasm buds and A-value was fitted using the CR and flower initiation data of‘Nanshan Sweet Peach’as the control standard,and the model of inferring the range of CR of peach germplasm buds from A-value was finally optimized;The model was validated by using peach germplasm with data on CR(based on the 0~7.2℃model)and flower initiation data from the Nanjing Peach Resource Garden.【Results】The CR of peach flower buds was highly significantly and positively correlated with the A value(p<0.01).The model was established as follows:Cultivar‘Nanshantiantao’in the nursery was selected as the standard variety,and its A value was recorded as A Nanshan’representing the number of days from the start date of CR accumulation to the first blooming date of‘Nanshantiantao’in any survey year in Nanjing;When peach germplasm’s A≤A Nanshan’+(-5~7 d),it shows CR<400 h;when peach germplasm’s A=A Nanshan’+8~12 d,it shows 400 h≤CR<600 h;when peach germplasm A≥A Nanshan’+13 d,it shows CR≥600 h.We used 20 germplasm to validate the model,the range CR inferred from the model for 19 germplasms were basically consistent with the reported CR in the literature,and the coincidence rate was up to 95%.【Conclusion】The CR of peach buds was highly significantly and positively correlated with the first blooming date;a model for inferring the range of CR from the first blooming date in Nanjing was developed and initially validated.