鲁西南梨树病虫害种类及发生特点调查研究

Investigation and Study on the Species and Occurrence Characteristics of Pear Diseases and Pests in Southwest of Shandong Province

【目的】郓城县地处鲁西南黄河故道,梨树栽培面积大,近年来病虫害侵染危害有加重趋势,加之果农缺乏生产安全绿色果品意识,长期施用化学农药防控梨树病虫害,严重阻碍梨产业及其品牌的发展壮大,为进一步加强梨树病虫害健康防控,对本地梨园主要病虫害进行了调查。【方法】郓城县林业局于2020—2021年连续2年以普查和标准地调查相结合的方式对梨树叶片、新梢、枝干、果实病虫害进行调查,并按照果树病虫害发生及危害程度分级标准,统计记录病虫害的发生程度。【结果】郓城县梨树主要病虫害共有55种,其中虫害35种,分属6目25科;病害20种,真菌性病害12种,细菌性病害1种,病毒性病害1种,生理性病害6种;初步明确了发生较重病害5种,虫害5种,并摸清了其发生特点。【结论】通过对本地梨树病虫害的调查研究,总结了各病虫害的发生规律,为梨树病虫害安全防控提供了理论支撑。

【Objective】Yuncheng County is located in theancient channel of Yellow River in the southwest of Shandong Province.The cultivation area of pear trees is large.In recent years,the damage of pests and diseases has increased in addition of lacking the awareness of producing safe and no-pllution fruits,Long-term application of chemical pesticides,pear trees has seriously hindered the development and growth of pear industry.In order to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases of pear trees,the main pests and diseases of local pear orchards were investigated.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021,the diseases and insect pests of leaves,new shoots,branches and fruits were investigated by means of census and standard survey for two consecutive yearsby Forestry Bureauof Yuncheng County,andthe occurrence degree of diseases and insect pestswere recorded according to the classification standard of occurrence and damage degree of diseases and insect pests of fruit trees.【Results】There were 55 species of main pests and diseases of pear trees in Yuncheng County,including 35 species of pests,belonging to 6 orders and 25 families.There were 20 kinds of diseases,12 kinds of fungal diseases,1 kind of bacterial diseases,1 kind of viral diseases and 6 kinds of physiological diseases.The5 kinds of serious diseases and 5 kinds of pests were preliminarily identified,and their occurrence characteristics were found out.【Conclusion】Through the investigation and research on the pests and diseases of local pear trees,the occurrence rules of various pests and diseases were summarized,which provided theoretical support for the prevention and control of pear pests and diseases.